UPSC CSE Prelims 2024

Highlight the Central Asian and Greco-Bactrian elements in the Gandhara art.

The Gandhara School of art shows Buddha in the symbolic form, not a human form. It was developed between the 1st century BCE and the 7th century CE during Kushan rule, of which Gandhara sculpture was an important part, depicting sculpture of Buddha. 

The central Asian and Greco-Bactrian elements in the Gandhara art:

Greek Influence:

1. Hellenistic features like curly hairs, moustaches on face.

2. Vajrapani protector image.

3. Muscular body.

4. Coins with Greek script.

5. Draperies covering both shoulders.

6. Stucco plastering.

Roman influence:

1. Buddha is sometimes presented in Roman motifs like Triton.

2. Buddha of Gandhara sometimes through a wine scroll.

3. Buddha in human form is inspired by Roman tradition.

4. The outer rope of Buddha of Gandhara like Kaya resembles Roman gods.

Central Asian Influence:

1. Bluish Schist used in Gandhara Art.

2. Disc shaped halo around the Buddha head.

3. Buddha presented in human form.

4. Kharosthi letters on Buddhist inscriptions in Gandhara.

The above influences can be well justified because of the strategic location of Gandhara school. Thus, in this regard it can be claimed that the art that flourished in the Gandhara valleys was a blend of different cultures. 

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