Examine the linkages between the nineteenth century’s ‘Indian Renaissance’ and the emergence of national identity.

The social and religious reforms movement of the 19th Century was popularly termed as Indian renaissance.

They preceded the political struggles that are considered a necessary precursor to the origin of Indian nationality. These reforms not only played a significant role in the ground movement, but they also facilitated the emergence of national identity.

1. Rediscovery of India’s glorious past: The 19th century Indian Renaissance created several avenues in the field of oriental studies. Max Muller, Sir William Jones, etc. translated several ancient Sanskrit texts of this land and established before the people the glorious cultural heritage of India.

2. Role of the Indian Scholars: Indian scholars like R.D. Banerjee, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, etc. rediscovered India’s past glory from the history of this land. This encouraged the people of India.

3. National Identity is related to the sense of belongingness shared by Individuals to a Nation, represented as cohesion of tradition, culture, language and Politics.

4. Revivalist Movements: Under these movements Indian culture was proclaimed superior. Swami Dayanand Saraswati, Swami Vivekanand etc were the leaders of these movements.

5. Reformists movements: Condemned existing untouchability and tried to abolish the caste system. E.g.: Brahmo Samaj.

Apart from the progressive character of social religious reforms, role of press, English Education, result and reaction of colonial policies etc have also played a significant role in developing national identity in India.