Biodiversity: Concept and Facts
1) Services Provided by Biodiversity
2) Threats to the biodiversity
3) Pollinating agents
4) Adverse effects of fall in the population of species of butterflies
5) Biopiracy
6) Nitrogen-fixing plants
7) Biofertilizers and examples
8) Cultivators of fungi
9) Gadgil Committee Report
10) Kasturirangan Committee Report
11) M-STrIPES
12) National Aquatic Animal
13) Herbivores turtle species
14) Herbivores marine mammal
15) Herbivores fish species
16) Viviparous snake
17) Filter feeder and examples
18) Aflatoxins
19) Protected Areas are located in Cauvery basin
20) Living root bridges
21) Declining Vultures population
22) Biodiversity in Coral reefs
23) Biosphere reserves
24) Botanical gardens
25) National parks
26) Wildlife sanctuaries
27) Wetlands declared under Ramsar Convention – Significance
28) Tiger Reserves – recently declared
29) Eco-Sensitive Zones
30) Red Data Books
31) Critical 'tiger' habitats (CTHs)
32) Critical Wildlife Habitat
33) Biodiversity hotspots
34) Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas
35) Highest population of elephants – states.
Ecosystem
1) Food chain
2) Ecotone
3) Ecological niche
4) Habitat
5) Home range
6) Primary producers in the food chains of oceans
7) Decomposer organisms
8) Detritivore organisms
9) Ecosystem services-provisioning, supporting, regulating, preserving and cultural
10) Carbon cycle
11) Nitrogen cycle
12) Phosphorus cycle
13) Sulphur cycle
14) Ecological succession
15) Productivity of ecosystem – decreasing order
16) Grassland Ecosystem – Role of water and fire
17) Savannah Biome – limiting factors
18) Adaptation of plants in desert areas
19) Type of forests in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands
20) Definition of 'ecosystem’
21) Wetlands function as Kidneys of earths
22) Wetlands of India
23) Mangroves function as a safety hedge
24) Coral reefs
25) Lichen and Moss
26) Symbiotic relationships of:
- a. Cnidarians
- b. Fungi
- c. Protozoa
27) Symbiotic relationship
28) Blue carbon
29) High productivity of marine upwelling zones
30) Percentage of fresh water resources
31) The percentage of forested area in 2021 by state
Animal Species
1) Cheetah
2) Flying squirrel
3) Snow leopard
4) Swamp deer
5) Pygmy hog
6) Spider monkey
7) Gangas River Dolphins
8) Painted Stork
9) Common Myna
10) Blue-finned Mahseer
11) Irrawaddy Dolphin
12) Rusty-spotted Cat
13) Indian Nightjar
14) Spoonbill
15) Black-necked crane
16) Saltwater crocodile
17) Olive ridley turtle
18) Gharial
19) Leatherback turtle
20) Star tortoise
21) Monitor lizard
22) Great Indian Hornbill
23) Kharai camel
24) Indian wild ass
25) Wild buffalo
26) Asiatic lion
27) Double-humped camel
28) One-horned rhinoceros
29) Dugong
30) Sea cow
31) Sea horse
32) Sea lion
33) Indian elephants
34) Ceylon frogmouth
35) Coppersmith barbet
36) Gray -chinned minivet
37) White -throated redstart
38) Hard-ground barasingha (Southern swamp deer)
39) Hedgehog
40) Pangolin
41) Lion-tailed Macaque
42) Musk Deer
43) Red Panda
44) Great Indian Bustard
45) Kashmir Stag
46) Blue Bull
47) Hanuman Langur
48) Cheetal
49) Indian wild buffalo
50) Indian wild boar
51) Indian gazelle
52) Oryx
53) Chiru
54) Golden Mahseer
55) Indian Nightjar
56) Spoonbill
57) White Ibis
58) Denisovan
Plant Species
1) Sea Buckthorn
2) Red Sanders
3) Prosopis juliflora
4) Lemongrass plant – Mosquito repellent
5) Palm oil tree
6) Moringa (drumstick tree)
7) Tamarind Tree
8) Neem tree
9) Gucchi mushrooms – Fungus species
10) Himalayan nettle (Girardinia diversifolia)
Protected Areas Network
1) Valley of Flowers National Park
2) Gangotri National Park
3) Askot Wildlife Sanctuary
4) Nandadevi National Park
5) Corbett Tiger Reserve
6) Khangchendzonga National Park
7) Neora Valley National Park
8) Pakhui Wildlife Sanctuary
9) Namdapha National Park
10) Keibul Lamjao National Park
11) Manas National Park
12) Dampa Tiger Reserve
13) Gumti Wildlife Sanctuary
14) Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary
15) Sultanpur National Park
16) Tal Chhapar Wildlife Sanctuary
17) Keoladeo Ghana National Park
18) Sariska National Park
19) Ranthambore Tiger Reserve
20) Kuno Palpur Wildlife Sanctuary
21) Desert National Park
22) Kanha National Park
23) Sunderbans Tiger Reserve
24) Bhitarkanika National Park
25) Papikonda National Park
26) Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve
27) Bandipur National Park
28) Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary
29) Nagarhole National Park
30) Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve
31) Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary
32) Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve
33) Largest area under "Critical Tiger Habitat”
Government Bodies
1) Animal Welfare Board of India
2) National Tiger Conservation Authority
3) National Ganga River Basin Authority → National Ganga Council
4) Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee
5) National Biodiversity Authority (NBA)
6) Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority
7) Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA)
8) National Green Tribunal (NGT)
9) Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)
10) Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Limited (IREDA)
11) Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee
Acts and Rules
1) Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972
2) Environment Protection Act, 1986
3) Compensatory Afforestation Fund Act, 2016
4) Forest Rights Act 2006
5) Role of Gram sabha under Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006
6) Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2010
7) Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016
International Conventions, Treaties, Protocols, Agreements, Organizations Etc.
1) Paris Agreement
2) Agenda 21
3) Global Environment Facility
4) Green Climate Fund
5) Rio+20 Conference (United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development)
6) UNREDD+ Programme
7) International Solar Alliance
8) Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)
9) International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
10) United Convention to Combat Desertification
11) World Heritage Convention
12) Ramsar Convention
13) Montreux Record
14) Montreal Protocol
15) Kyoto Protocol
16) Nagoya Protocol
17) New York Declaration on Forests (NYDF)
18) Tree City of the World
19) Global Climate Change Alliance
20) Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC)
21) Global Alliance for Climate-Smart Agriculture (GACSA)
22) Partnership for Action on Green Economy (PAGE)
23) Momentum for Change : Climate Neutral Now
24) United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF)
25) BioCarbon Fund Initiative for Sustainable Forest Landscapes
26) Forest Carbon Partnership Facility
27) Earth Hour
28) Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
29) The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB)
NGOs
1) Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS)
2) BirdLife International
3) TRAFFIC (Trade Records Analysis of Flora and Fauna in Commerce)
4) Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resource (IUCN)
5) Wetlands International
6) The Climate Group
7) EP100 initiative
Pollution
1) Emissions from coal combustion at thermal power plants
2) Pollutants released by steel industry in India
3) Concern about copper smelting plants
4) Concerns about the furnace oil
5) Photochemical smog
6) Air Quality Index
7) Gases released into atmosphere due to the burning of crop/biomass residue
8) Sources of benzene pollution
9) WHO Air Quality Guidelines
10) Short Lived Climate Pollutants
11) Pollution from coal fired power plants
12) Coal ash
13) Sources of Lead Exposure
14) Formation of ozone hole in the Antarctic region
15) Impact of excessive/inappropriate use of nitrogenous fertilizers in agriculture
16) Sources of nitrogen pollution in environment
17) Algal blooms
18) Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)
19) Ground water exploitation in India
20) Pollutants in the drinking water – such as Arsenic, fluoride, Uranium
21) Consequences of heavy sand mining in riverbeds
22) Microbeads
23) Acid rain
24) Source of magnetite particles
25) Concern regarding the nanoparticles
26) Concerns about the brominated flame retardants
27) Uses of Chlorofluorocarbons
28) Bioasphalt
29) Bioremediation Technique and its advantages
30) Pyrolysis and plasma gasification
31) Advanced Thermal Technologies
32) Biomass gasification
33) Use of hydrogen - enriched CNG (H -CNG) as fuel
34) Steel slag and its uses
35) Copper slag
36) Cold mix asphalt technology
37) Geotextiles
38) Algae based biofuels
39) R2 Code of Practices
40) Bureau of Energy Efficiency Star Label
41) Extended producer responsibility
Climate Change
1) Carbon credits
2) Carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas
3) Role of phytoplankton in climate change and ocean ecosystem
4) Sustainable Development Goals
5) Intended Nationally Determined Contributions
6) Annex-I Countries
7) Certified Emissions Reductions
8) Clean Development Mechanisms
9) Green India Mission
10) Greenhouse Gas Protocol
11) Potential sites for carbon sequestration
12) Carbon sequestration
13) carbon fertilization
14) Cirrus cloud thinning technique
15) Injection of sulphate aerosol into stratosphere
16) Methane hydrate and its release
17) Social Cost of Carbon
18) Common Carbon Metric
19) Climate Smart Agriculture
20) Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)
21) International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)
22) CCAFS Climate -Smart Villages (CSVs)
23) Impacts of global warming
24) Rice crop - anthropogenic source of both methane and nitrous oxide
25) Climate Action Tracker
26) Production of algal biofuel
27) Greenwashing
28) Biorock technology
29) Miyawaki method
30) Adverse Impacts of Global warming
Agriculture
1) Conservation Agriculture
2) Permaculture farming
3) Climate Smart Agriculture
4) Vertical farming
5) Mulching in agriculture
6) Fertigation in agriculture
7) Carbon sequestration/storage in the soil
8) Zero tillage
9) Contour bunding
10) Relay cropping
11) Salinization of soil and its effect on irrigated land
12) Micro – irrigation and its benefits
13) Techniques for water conservation in agriculture
14) Uses of the bagasse and molasses
15) Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative
16) High content of organic matter in soil –benefits
17) Role of soil in the Sulphur cycle
18) National Policy on Biofuels
19) Tensiometer Use
20) Crop diversification
21) Legume intensification
22) Biochar and its use in farming
23) Difference between conventional chemical farming and permaculture farming
24) System of Rice Intensification
25) Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System (GIAHS)
26) Carbofuran, methyl parathion, phorate and triazophos