Class Notes 4 You

PLANNING AND ECONOMIC REFORMS  Introduction Gandhian approach to development Get idea in Hind Swaraj Not economist, neither had blueprint Critic of western model If all adopt same, at least 9 more earths will be needed Fundamental: principle of  non-violence and Swaraj 3 pillar Economic growth Redistributive  justice Morale regeneration Gandhian concept towards way of life can be understood by his 7 sins Wealth without work Pleasure without conscience Knowledge without character Commerce without morality Science without humanity Worship without sacrifice Politics without ethics SN Agrawal, Sriman Narayan : Gandhians presented Gandhian plan Reform of agriculture Address  hunger and unemployment Govt should  focus on land reforms, cooperative and rural credits Revival of  cottage industries Provide supplementary income Khadi can address clothing requirement Focus was on  fulfilling basic necessities Not against machines, against imitating western model i...

WOMEN MOVEMENTS  Introduction  Started by  liberals  like Raja ram Mohan Roy, Ishwarchand Vidhyasagar Legislations by British govt Widow Remarriage Act Prevention of Sati Act Sharda Act Gandhian movement brought consciousness in women All India Women Conference Achievement was Sharda Act 1929 and Lady Hardinge College Phases after independence Phase1: up to 1970s Aparna Mehta : G rey years  of women movement Greater activism before independence Unnecessary to do against indigenous govt was the philosophy Constitution of India is revolutionary document Phase 2: 1970s-80s Phase of  revival and activism UN declared 70s as decade of women GoI set up committee to enquire status of women in India Report: Towards Equality- 1974 Shocking facts Declining sex ratio Gender based violence Discrimination Declining participation of women in political an economic sphere Recommended  National Commission for Women Growth of women organisations including women muslim ...

SOCIAL MOVEMENTS  1. Civil Liberties and Human Rights Movements Rights necessary to lead civilised life are civil rights Eg- right to life, liberty, property, equality before law, etc Based on  philosophy of liberalism Basic purpose is to  check the arbitrary power  of executive and maintain rule of law Indian freedom movement was also civil and political rights movement. Eg- early leaders asked for freedom of press, greater representation 1936;  Indian Civil Liberties Union  was established at initiative of Pt. Nehru Indian constitution incorporates spirit of human rights FR available to non-citizen also Unfortunate that preventive detention is in FR Art 22: rights under preventive detention, only for namesake Misuse to  curb political opposition Sec 124A: sedition Outlaws aspect of freedom of expression Nehru's govt was first to use it against communist leader AK Gopalan 1970s: new phase of civil rights movements Since India was becoming police state...

PRIME MINISTER  Introduction Captain of the ship of the state He is appointed by the president but other ministers are appointed by him Two relationship between PM and CoM Primus Inter Pares First among equal When PM relatively weak. When Sardar Patel was home minister Inter Stellas Luna minores Moon among stars After death of sardar Patel During Shastri, power shifted from PM to CoM During Indra Gandhi, complete breakdown of cabinet form Coalition govt weakens PM Prof MP Singh:  in coalition govt, there is not one PM but many PM Institution is shaped by no. of factors like Personality factor Political environment Political culture Position of PM not strong when not majority but this does not mean weakening of institution 

OFFICE OF PROFIT  Introduction Art 102; D isqualification for MPs and MLAs First ground is office of profit Logic is  separation of power  or avoiding conflict of interest To avoid executive offering parliamentarians lucrative offers so that they independently carry out their function of testing the accountability of executive Also not possible for same person to be present at different place at same time, parliamentarian should give the first priority to parliament, hence they are given certain priviledges like immunity from arrest before or after 40 days of session Problem in India is that  executive are appointing parliamentarians  but they are not getting disqualified Since 91st amendment act limited the no. of ministers, it has become a way to bypass the amendment by giving parliamentary secretary posts which are not technically ministerial posts There is lot of arbitrariness. parliamentary secretary of Delhi from AAP have been disqualified but not of ...