Class Notes 4 You

  Introduction 1817-1898 book- B agawat-e-hind belonged to elite class, family worked for mughals during this time, muslim community was passing through period of depression concerned about the state of community upliftment of community possible through 'modernisation of islam' magazine= Tehzeeb ul Akhlak renounced outdated practices and customs society for Scientific Research in Gazipur (UP) later on shifted to Aligarh founded journal for promotion of scientific research 'indian institute gazette' criticized by orthodox sections Originator for Two Nations Theory transition in his ideas phase 1 advocate of hindu-muslim unity advised muslims to live in peace with hindus phase 2  changed his views language controversy in Awadh province urdu was court language, hindi had become mass language, so demand for change in official language nor muslims, nor hindu ready he concluded that both can't live together hence called as originator of two nations theory concerned abou...

Introduction Gail Onwedt, Kancha Illaiah believe that buddha can be regarded as political philosopher, (not regarded in conventional sense) many kings approached buddha to understand meaning of good governance and idea on inter-state relations buddhism is other worldly religion, known as  Protestentanism of east challenged brahminical traditions like caste system can be considered as egalitarian tradition, socialist tradition, republican tradition, rationalist tradition deliberative democracy through organising councils, debate within sanghas gives equal status to women revolves around dhamma buddhist literature consist of jatakas which give guidelines for kingship other is Ashokan edicts talks about chakra, mandla dhamma chakra- to win heart; chakra not of chariot( hinduism) to win land idea of philosopher king king should be knowledgeable person, well aware of duties, devote for well being of people Salient Features origin of state fall of man, corruption due to materialism or...

Introduction Main Ideas Arthashastra: belong to Dandashastra primary issue is state craft continuity in Manu and Kautilya meaning of Arthashastra according to Kautilya, arthashastra means statecraft artha= material wellbeing, most important objective of  king Material wellbeing is supreme, attainment of all other goals Dharma, Kaam, Moksha depends on material well being material= land, so go for land hence neighbors are enemies deals with 'art of war' like   SunTzu, the chinese strategist main ideas: war, strategic planning, balance of power, geopolitics first textbook of geopolitics science of capturing land state= organism, so expand, otherwise perish George Tanham : rejected that india had any strategic culture, Kautilya proved him wrong change is being observed with rise of hindu rightist party state of relations between countries Mandal Siddhant Saptang Theory Shadgunya Niti (Six Fold Policy) 4 Upay (4-fold mean) types of war 1. State of Relations between two states 2. ...

Introduction Ideas in Manusmriti Manusmriti= Dharmashastra Manu= Manas putra of Brahma first law giver, gave dharma of different varnas Dharma= no word in European languages Rig Veda :  Prithvim Dharmam Dhritam means: Dharma holds life on earth don't follow dharma= catastrophe Dharma discussed in Dharmashastra. most important is  Manusmriti smriti based on Shruti shruti= vedas, they contain revealed knowledge (revealed by Brahma) Purushartha: 4 goals of life Dharma, Arth, Kaam, Moksha indians took life in comprehensive manner, neither ignored material, nor spiritual features Ashrams: stages of life Brahmacharya, Grihastha, Vanprastha, Sanyas Varnas: Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, Shudra each varna has to follow his dharma, otherwise catastrophe (arajakta) king= ensure all follow their dharma Sanskar: 16 essential rituals starting from Garbhadharan to Antim Sanskar Origin of State Features of Kingship quasi contractual theory of origin of state contract between men and god mentio...