Class Notes 4 You

Jaya Jaitly Task Force to examine age of motherhood, imperatives of lowering MMR, improvement of nutritional levels and related issues. Examine the correlation of age of marriage and motherhood with: Health, medical well-being and nutritional status of mother and neonate/infant/child, during pregnancy, birth and thereafter. Key parameters like Infant Mortality Rate (IMR), Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR), Total Fertility Rate (TFR), Sex Ratio at Birth (SRB), Child Sex Ratio (CSR) etc. Any other relevant points pertaining to health and nutrition in this context. Argument in favor of increasing legal age for marriage Early marriage denies girls the right to the highest attainable standard of general, sexual, and reproductive health. It also constrains evolving physical, emotional, and personal maturity required to safely transition to adulthood. Girls who get married at a younger age are not educated properly and do not have access to healthcare, vaccination, antenatal care, and even facil...

Oxfam study declared India's richest 1 % hold more than four-times wealth held by bottom 70% ranked 76 out of 82 in WEF Global Social mobility index  State of food security and nutrition in world 2020 report FAO 18% of South Asians (num­ bering 586 million people) cannot afford the nutrient­ adequate diet and 58% of South Asians (1,337 million people) cannot afford the healthy diet. Social Mobility can be understood as the movement in personal circumstances either “upwards” or “downwards” of an individual in relation to those of their parents. ability of a child to experience a better life than their parents assessment of the impact of socio-economic background on an individual’s outcomes in life. much broader than just looking at income inequality measured in reference to a wide range of outcomes—such as health or educational achievement. Gap between richest and the rest world’s richest 1% have more than twice as much wealth as 6.9 billion people. India's richest 1% of...

disproportionate impact of COVID-19 pandemic on urban informal workers including their migration from cities to their native places India’s urban population increased from 25 million in 1901 to 377 million in 2011 its 31.2% of total population. But the urban areas have failed to meet the demands of increasing population pressure resulting in gaps in provisioning of basic amenities of housing, drinking water, sewerage, transportation etc.  Issues of urban poverty Urban poverty is multi-dimensional- Tenth Five Year Plan identified several types of vulnerabilities - Housing Vulnerability: Majority live in low quality unhygienic areas such as slums. They have no ownership rights and entitlements . They have no access to individual water connection, toilets, electricity, and roads . Census 2011, 17.7% of urban population - 65 million in slums Economic Vulnerability: Irregular employment with low wages , no access to formal safety net programmes, and productive assets Social Vulner...

Women Empowerment is the process which confers power on individuals over their own lives, in their society, and in their communities ,  it is an exercise in enhancing their educational, economic, social, political, and health status National Crime Records Bureau 2017 data crimes against women - assault on women with intent to outrage her modesty comprised 21.7%, and rape 7%. phases of women’s movement in India  Before 20th century 1900 to 1950 1950 to 1970 1970 to 2000 2000 to - #Metoo  women’s organisations have throughout history played an essential role in women empowerment in ensuring equal rights. They have played not only legal, economic and social roles but also have a historic importance.  Health Empowerment Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY ): maternity benefit programme provides cash transfer (conditional) for expecting and lactating women to compensate for wage loss. fosters care and utilization of institutional services during child birth...

Land Reforms Land reforms were necessary to ensure that fruits of independence could reach the common people because political independence was meaningless without social economic independence. Land was an important source of income for majority of Indian population because agriculture was the main subsistence activity. In 1936 at the Faizpur session of Congress resolutions were adopted for empowerment of peasants and tenant cultivators . The resolution demanded abolition of intermediaries, reduction in land rent and land revenue, abolition of feudal dues and fixation of tenure for tenant cultivators. As the influence of socialism increased in the Congress demands concerning common peasants and tenant cultivators had continued to increase . Implementation of land reforms after Independence was the result of the same. Need for Land Reforms Land reforms for a countermeasure against colonial legacy . During british rule a number of land settlements were implemented like permanent se...