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MAINS 365  - IMPORTANT TOPICS Current Affairs For UPSC CSE Mains 2021  Most Important Topics  * * * * * POLITY AND CONSTITUTION 1. Censorship in India  2. Right to protest  3. Sedition law in India  4. Issues related to reservation  5. Federalism 6. Regulation of NGOs in India 7. Separation of power  8. Arbitration and conciliation act 2021 9. Cooperatives 10. E-Governance 11. Judicial reforms 12.  Civil services reforms- Mission Karmayogi  ECONOMY 1 Unemployment in India 2 Labour law reforms 3. Economic reforms 4. Poverty alleviation 5. Global minimum corporate tax 6. Asset monetization and National monetization pipeline. 7. Land reforms in India 8. Payment systems 9. Agricultural marketing 10. MSP and procurement 11. Agricultural indebtedness in India 12.  Digitization in agricultural sector  13.  Farmers producer organizations 14.  PLI scheme 15. Start-up ecosystem in India 16.  Roadways and vehicle scrappage ...

CENTRE-STATE DISPUTES  Legislative Field Introduction Distribution of power tilted  towards centre 42nd amendment further tilted it  by decreasing subjects in state lists Even situations other then emergencies(system becomes unitary), centre has power to legislate on state list Art  249 If RS passes a resolution that regarding certain subject of state list, Parliament can pass law, then Parliament can pass law in that respect Resolution ends after one year Majority of 2/3 is needed Law ceases after 6 months of expiry of resolution  Art  252 When  two or more states  pass a resolution in their house/s regarding delegating a function of state list to parliament, Parliament can make law This law can be adopted by any third state if resolution is passed This act can be repealed or amended by an act of Parliament and not of concerning states  Art 253 Legislation for  international treaty Parliament has power to make laws for any territory to ...

  INTER-STATE WATER DISPUTE  whisky is to drink, water is to fight:   Mark Twain Introduction 'New Oil' South Asia is most dependent on water due to agriculture and has  least presence of per capita water availability India has water dispute with all neighbouring states Majority of rivers in India are inter-state Special status of river dispute in India Excludes the jurisdiction  of SC Water=  state subject  entry 17 In case of inter-state rivers, river valleys, union govt has vast powers in name of public interest (entry 56) Nirvikar Singh :  responsibility of continuation of disputes lie with union govt. approach of union govt has led to politicisation   Mechanism and Constitutional Provisions related to resolution of Water Disputes in India Art 131 Oginal jurisdiction of SC To exclusion of other courts Between GoI and any other state GoI and state on one side and state on other side Two or more states When it doesn't involves any treaty/ag...

  POLITICS OF STATE FORMATION  Introduction Louis Tollin : book- Remapping India new states have been formed in  different phases with different purposes first phase: 1950s-1960s linguistic  concern second phase: 1960s-1970s western and north eastern parts ethnicity i n north-eastern part third phase: 21st century hindi heartland govt narrative: good governance and development academic explanation: sociological theory:  Ramchandra Guha and Yogendra Yadav assertion by marginalised sections political economy:  Atul Kohli economic policies.  Chhattisgarh:  neo-liberal approach to mining main consideration has been political Jharkhand to consolidate RJD Uttarakhand to consolidate BJP Telangana to win elections interest of ruling party  at centre Christopher Jaffrelot :  purely political phenomena Nehru opposed linguistic states  since it threatens hegemony of congress telangana was rejected despite State Reorganisation Commission recomm...

  STATE FORMATION Introduction   (Article 3) Art   3 deals with state reorganisation boundaries, changing boundaries can be introduced in parliament only, after President's approval this means that  by govt only  and not by private member state have no say President  first consults state  before introduction of Bill President may give it to state legislature for state's views but those are  not binding not a non-federal feature Ambedkar :  India is indestructible union of destructible states Louis Tillin:  book- Remapping India internal territorial map of India is still not settled state formation by colonial officials, not natural homogenisation of some sort required for administration flexible provision for formation of state required had art 3 not been there, India would not have survived its  dangerous  decades Smaller states demand for creation of new states on regular basis lack of consensus among scholars first school: f...

  PARTY SYSTEM AND FEDERAL SYSTEM  Introduction federalism requires presidential system parliamentary system is based on party system which distorts federalism India, there is no centre-state disputes, there is  party to party dispute when same parties at centre and state, this is cooperative federalism, when different parties, it is bargaining federalism Prof. MP Singh:  there are two axis of Indian political system Parliamentary axis federal axis parliamentary axis= strong centre federal axis= strong state when single party has majority in parliament, parliament axis is strong when coalition politics, federal axis is strong factors affecting federalism party system economic policy when  neo-liberal, states will be stronger when welfare state, centre will be stronger.