Intro: The term nonalignment was first coined by George Liska to describe the policies of the states which decided not to join either of the two power blocs. They sought a level playing field in global geopolitics that emerged in post war period Context- In 1955, in Bandung (Indonesia), newly independents states of Africa and Asia gathered to inaugurate a new approach to inter-state relations: non-alignment. Fresh out of the darkness of colonial rule, these new states, they felt, should not be sucked into alignments with the West or the East. Drawing on the principles agreed at the Bandung Conference in 1955, the Non-Aligned Movement was established in 1961 in Belgrade, SR Serbia, Yugoslavia through an initiative of the Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, Ghanaian President Kwame Nkrumah, Indonesian President Sukarno, Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser and Yugoslav President Josip Broz Tito For Nehru, NAM did not mean i...
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By Nitin Pai of the Takshashila institution This is a polyvalent world in which one single formula is insufficient To deal with the complex reality that is emerging – Shiv Shankar Menon India’s strategic interests lie in closer alignment with the US A multipolar world order will have uneven distribution of power and the power of China is likely to grow with the US declining. In that scenario a multipolar world won’t serve India’s interests. New Delhi should enter into a deeper strategic embrace with Washington DC and delay the onset of a multipolar world where China is a significantly stronger pole in India US is the only power with adequate levels of both, capabilities and motivation to partner India in balancing china Four pronged strategy to deal with China- Engagement Collaboration Balancing Deterrence India, as the authors coin the term ,can be the world’s first “development superpower” unlike Geopolitical superpower like USA and geoeconomic superpower like China. How India sees t...
Middle East: Intro: India and West Asia has prehistorical ties since trade relations were established between civilizations of Mesopotamia and Indus Valley. Lies in 2nd concentric circle as per Kautilya’s Mandal Sidhanta and forms part of India’s extended neighbourhood. Initially India's approach to west Asia has been transactional. It saw west Asia as a source of oil and destination for labour exports, but with time India's footprint in the region has enhanced. Scholars: Nicholas Blarel- now India has overcome looking West Asia through prism of Pak EAM S Jaishankar- not just a balancing power. Act east should match act west. Amb Talmiz Ahmad - India’s strength in the region is its image of being non hegemonic, non intrusive and non prescriptive Analytical points: 11 million people in gulf As India's stature increased, its stakes increased , non alignment had to be replaced with multiple alignment. $83B in remittances in 2020. India's peace and security is linked to wes...
1. Distinction between Skills, Ability and Aptitude ○ Aptitude • Aptitude is the natural talent which can be nurtured to get ability and skills in future through apt training • Can be mental or physical • recognized aptitude • general learning capacity • verbal • numerical • reasoning • creative • visual memory • virtual memory • language learning • form perception • factors determining aptitude • correct identification • informal tests- recognition by family, friends etc. • formal tests- CSAT, SAT, CLAT, CAT etc. • Attitude-> belief and knowledge • socio-cultural+economic surroundings • Aptitude for civil services • Intellectual aptitude-> act and think rationally to deal with situations. Means oriented • Emotional aptitude -> conduct with colleagues and people. Behaviour oriented • Moral aptitude-> foun...