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The National commission of women, apex national level organization of India with the mandate of protecting and promoting the interests of women, but it has a statutory status. Steps in constitutionalization of a Commission are: 1. A bill is introduced under Article 368 to amend the Constitution. 2. Bill has to be passed by both the houses by special majority. 3. Bill is given assent by the President. Benefits of constitutionalization of the commission: Independent Functioning: Today, although the NCW is an autonomous body, it is functioning as if it is under the ministry of women and child development. Constitutionalization will make following changes: 1. Dependence on the Union government for the grant will not be there. 2. The commission will have the power to select its own members. Today, the power is vested with the Union Government. 3. The commission will have right to concrete legislative power. Today, It has only power to recommend amendments and submit reports which are not bi...

1) Out of 25 High Courts in the country only one state HC has a woman Chief Justice (CJ Hima Kohli at Telangana High Court). Only 73 out of 661 High Court judges, which is roughly 11.04% are women. 2) In five High Courts, namely, Manipur, Meghalaya, Patna, Tripura and Uttarakhand, there is not even a single woman judge. Advantages of increasing women presence in judiciary: 1. Women judges contribute far more to justice than improving its appearance: they also contribute significantly to the quality of decision-making, and thus to the quality of justice itself.  Women judges bring those lived experiences to their judicial actions, experiences that tend toward a more comprehensive and empathetic perspective- one that encompasses not only the legal basis for judicial action, but also awareness of consequences on the people affected. Suggestions to increase women’s participation in the higher judiciary: 1. Making the process of Judicial appointment more transparent, inclusive and invo...

Chief Justice of India remarked on the quite low representation of women at all levels in the legal field and promised that he would take up the demand for their higher representation beyond 50% on the bench with his colleagues. Status of representation of Women in Higher Judiciary:  1). There has never been a woman Chief Justice of India.  2). Of the 256 Supreme Court judges appointed in the past 71 years, only 11 (or 4.2%) have been women.  Desirability of greater representation to women in the higher judiciary: 1. By their mere presence, women judges enhance the legitimacy of courts, sending a powerful signal that they are open and accessible to those who seek recourse to justice. 2. It will ensure diversity of perspectives is fairly considered. E.g.: more balanced and empathetic approach in cases involving sexual violence. It will instil greater public trust in the judiciary.  3. Improvements in women’s representation in the judiciary remain intrinsic to the cons...

Women in Indian Agriculture The farmers’ protests have cast a spotlight on a traditionally overlooked group of female farmers. Women in Indian Agriculture Role : Women in Indian agriculture perform numerous labour intensive jobs such as weeding, picking, separation of seeds from fibre, keeping of livestock and its other associated activities like milking, etc. Mainly rural women are engaged in agricultural activities in three different ways: Paid Labourers. Cultivator doing labour on their own land. Managers of certain aspects of agricultural production by way of labour supervision and the participation in post harvest operations. Status : Agriculture Census 2015-16, female operational holdings increased to 14.0 percent in 2015-16 against and 12.8 percent in 2010-11. This indicates rising participation of females in management and/or operation of agricultural holdings in the country, also termed as feminization of agriculture The proportion of operated area managed by female operation...

Department of Science & Technology (DST) and IBM India announced two collaborations to promote STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) learning among students. Vigyan Jyoti’ program & Vigyan Prasar (an autonomous organisation of DST) build and run a technology-driven interactivity platform named ‘Engage With Science’. Vigyan Jyoti is a programme to promote STEM learning among girl students inspire them towards STEM careers by creating a level-playing field for meritorious girls from grades 9 to 12 to pursue STEM in their higher education, especially from the top colleges in the areas where girls are hugely underrepresented partnership with IBM India will strengthen the current activities and expand to include more schools in future. Women tech experts working at IBM India will interact and be role models for inspiring girl students to plan for a career in STEM Vigyan Prasar build interest and create a community of practice with students, teachers, and scientis...

Women Empowerment is the process which confers power on individuals over their own lives, in their society, and in their communities ,  it is an exercise in enhancing their educational, economic, social, political, and health status National Crime Records Bureau 2017 data crimes against women - assault on women with intent to outrage her modesty comprised 21.7%, and rape 7%. phases of women’s movement in India  Before 20th century 1900 to 1950 1950 to 1970 1970 to 2000 2000 to - #Metoo  women’s organisations have throughout history played an essential role in women empowerment in ensuring equal rights. They have played not only legal, economic and social roles but also have a historic importance.  Health Empowerment Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY ): maternity benefit programme provides cash transfer (conditional) for expecting and lactating women to compensate for wage loss. fosters care and utilization of institutional services during child birth...