Class Notes 4 You

Abhijit Ray IAS AIR 50 UPSC CSE 2021 This was my fourth attempt, second serious attempt.Optional was Anthropology. I belong to West Bengal originally, and I've worked in Bangalore (Texas Instruments) Hi all, Hope you all are fully into preparation. Many have asked me for my test copies, here i am sharing drive link which has my copies of all subjects of all the years of my preparation.i have categorised the folders so that it's easy for you to segregate My copies drive link is : https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1cNSc4yXGGAVqVJiLMzrxJSli4KkQeL24?usp=sharing Note the value additions that i have done, but most importantly notice the changes, how with time I've improved in answer writing ...see the feedback i got on my answers and why such a feedback was given....all this will help you analyse what exactly is needed for a good answer In case you want to see my most advanced stage of answers (closest to how I wrote in mains 2021), this is the link to the pdf (this pdf is a...

While impartiality ensures equality without any bias, non-partisanship ensures a neutral approach in politics, ideologies, and communities. The political environment and personal values of civil servants tend to affect their decision making and actions.  Impartial and being non-partisan: indispensable qualities of a successful civil servant. 1. There is diversity in India based on languages, religions, and ideologies, etc. It is human tendency to feel more affinity towards similar identities.  2. Public servants' duty towards the nation as a whole is to act impartially and be non-partisan irrespective of their personal identities and ideologies. 3. Successful public servants: a. Civil servants such as TN Seshan; his nonpartisan attitude made Elections in India one the most transparent elections in the world. b. Young Police officers like Gangadeep Singh; risked his own life to save young man from mob trying to lynch him. Partiality and partisan issues that are plaguing the pub...

The given quotation is the principle of non-refoulement under the international human rights law. It has been observed that countries are either closing the borders or deporting refugees back to their countries of origin.  Democratic countries with claims of open societies violating the principle: ● The United States is not only deporting but also sealing the borders on refugees from Mexico and other countries. ● Denmark has recently taken a number of measures to deport refugees from Syria and some other countries. ● Europe and the US claim themselves as the most open and multicultural societies. But the rising incidences of xenophobia has proved otherwise.  Ethical dimensions being violated by nations: Using justification like national security, limited resources and opportunities, etc nations are violating following ethical principles by refusing asylum to refugees. 1. Kantian Ethics: which emphasizes, it is the categorical imperative to do that which is right. Nations are t...

The situation in which one feels bad for doing something which seems wrong, due to their inability to do the right, is called the Crisis of Conscience. A civil servant may face a crisis of conscience about policies or actions that he has been asked to carry out. Emotional intelligence and Crisis of Conscience  Emotional intelligence (EI) is most often defined as the ability to perceive, use, understand, manage, and handle emotions. Such intelligent understanding of emotions can help in resolving the crisis of Conscience; ● EI helps in looking from a bird’s eye view. Looking at the larger picture helps in understanding the nuances which are not visible in the front picture.  ● EI brings with it Wisdom to understand the immediate and long-term consequences of decisions taken. ● Calm and creative decision making is possible with EI. Anger, frustration, or any other misleading feelings do not dominate decision making.  ● Fortitude comes with EI which inculcates Risk taking be...

An attitude is a learned tendency to evaluate people, issues, objects or events in a certain way. It plays an important role in the development of every human. Fortitude, Probity, Leadership etc are some of the attributes of a suitable attitude for a public servant.  There are mainly three stages of building a suitable attitude: 1. Identification: It is utmost important to identify and understand attitude requirements for the public servants. 2. Compliance: there is a need for a systemic mechanism for compliance to inculcate a suitable attitude. It includes codes of conduct and ethics, training, monitoring and evaluation, etc. 3. Internalization: it is a time taking process. With consistent compliance one internalizes the required attitude over the period of time. All the three stages of attitude building can be perfectly seen in armed forces and young IPS personnel. Methods of building attitude: 1. Persuasion: Logos (logic), Ethos (ethics/credibility) and Pathos (emotions) are th...

The NITI Aayog recently circulated a discussion paper on a proposed revision in the NFSA, 2013. Need for revisiting NFSA, 2013 Validity of Central Issue Price (CIP) : subsidised prices were fixed for “a period of three years from the date of commencement of the Act (i.e. till July, 2016). However, the CIP has remained unchanged since 2013. Rising food subsidy bill: MSP at which Food Corporation of India (FCI) procures rice and wheat (plus cost of storage, etc.) is much higher than CIP i.e., the price at which foodgrains are provided through the Public Distribution System (PDS) resulting in high food subsidy bill. Burden of maintenance of surplus stocks: High production and hikes in MSP with no changes in the CIP has led to accumulation of stocks with FCI. These surplus stocks beyond the operational and strategic reserve requirement have also risen. Maintenance of these surplus stocks has placed an additional burden on the food subsidy bill. Market distortion: If CIP is not revised, a...

Criticisms of procurement policy  Increase in food subsidy: higher the subsidy higher economic cost finally which leads to increase in food subsidy Increase in market price of food grains higher than MSP lower will be the availability of grains in open market, but majority of population will go to open market but there will be food inflation Distorted cropping patterns where farmers will cultivate only those crops which have a higher MSP from the government giving rise to lower price crops not been produced adequately also farmers want to take into consideration the geographical factors before growing crops suitable for their areas or crops which have higher MSP Wastage of food grains due to multiple reasons like MSP, open procurement, poor storage with FCI Poor targeting of MSP benefited mostly developed states in terms of agriculture while backward states have remained relatively out of the purview of MSP. Large farmers in these agriculturally developed states have benefited mo...

Out of the net irrigated area, about 40% is irrigated through canal systems and 60% is irrigated through groundwater . An important challenge facing the irrigation Is growing gap between Irrigation Potential Created (IPC) and Irrigation Potential Utilized (IPU) , and uneven distribution of water over the length of the canal system. The overall irrigation efficiency of the major and medium irrigation projects is estimated to be around 38% about 35-40% water could be saved and 20-25% reduction in fertilizer use could be ensured by scheduling of irrigation. Moisture sensors and automated irrigation systems controlled by a farmer using mobile phone provide better control of irrigation Constructive use of water : use of recycled water and proper selection of crops help in enhancing water security. Alternatives :cultivation of Fruits, Millets, Bajra and selection of proper varieties of crops Using Bio mulch and Hydro Gels ensures slow release of water and utilising microbes that help in e...

FOOD-PROCESSING SECTOR A well-developed food processing sector with higher level of processing helps in the reduction of wastage, improves value addition, promotes crop diversification, ensures better return to the farmers, promotes employment as well as increases export earnings. Status of Food Processing Sector The sector constituted nearly 8.83% and 10.66% of Gross Value Added (GVA) in Manufacturing and Agriculture sector respectively in 2017-18 at 2011-12 prices. Nearly 7 million persons are engaged The value of processed food exports in 2018-19 was $35.30 Billion accounting for about 10.69% of India’s total exports. The annual value of harvest and post-harvest losses of major agricultural produces at national level was at Rs.92,651 crore calculated using production data of 2012-13 at 2014 wholesale prices. Mega Food Parks Avantee mega Food Park in Dewas (Madhya Pradesh) was inaugurated. This is the first food park of central India Draft National Food Processing Policy in 2019 t...