Class Notes 4 You

JS mill in his essay- The subjugation of women- All forms of slavery have been abolished but the slavery of women continues . The discrimination against women is so universal that it appears natural. Intro-the belief in the principle that women should have the same rights and opportunities as men.(Virginia woolf) It is a meta ideology( has lot of internal debate) First wave: do not recongise the difference between sex and gender Liberal feminists: civil and political right Mary wallstonecraft- mother of feminism. Wanted voting rights for women during french revolution 2: emmeline Pankhurst and her two daughters- Elizabeth and Sylvia. They were associated with suffragate movements.  2nd wave- radical feminists- developed by women for women and hence called True feminism. Differentiated gender and sexuality Concept of patriarchy is central to this phase. The raidical feminists talk about sexual revolution for female liberation Carole Hanisch Personal is political. The separ...

Intro: Fascism  is derived from the word Fascio which means a bundle of rods, symbolising discipline, unity and strength. During the second world war it meant all those who bound themselves together to “live and die for the good of Italy.” The first fascio was set up with Mussolini as its leader. He further stressed that if 19th century was the age of socialism, liberalism and democracy, the 20th century is to be a century of authority, collectivism and the totalitarian state It is not a systematic school of thought but based on ideas of various thinkers- Inspirations: Plato- theory of philosopher king—> absolute obedience. No rights of citizens but only duties. Mac- everything is justified in , national interest (raison d'etat ). Hegel- state is the March of God on Earth. Hobbes- powerful state(Leviathan) to curb anarchy Rousseau- man must be forced to be free. Henri bergson- Concept of vitality to ignore reason over passions. Causes of fascism 1: Ortega gasset -book- revolt...

Intro: Marxism is a social, political, and economic philosophy named after Karl Marx , which examines the effect of capitalism on labor, productivity, and economic development and argues for a worker revolution to overturn capitalism in favor of communism. Orthodox marxism says economy is the basic structure. Neo marxism- inspired from young Marx that want liberaltion from alienation of man. Critical school:  Frankfurt school critical of orthodox marxism as it led to establishment of totalitarain state. Said marx’s ultimate aim was not revolutinary overthrow of system but human liberation from exploitation , end of alienation and achievement of freedom. also critical of liberal democracies as in totalitarian states people atleast know they are not free. In democracies people dont even know they are not free. They are living under false consciousness critical of science as it has killed rationality. Acc to them science is the lieutenant of capitalism furthering its interests m...

Intro: liberalism is a political doctrine that takes protecting and enhancing individual freedom to be the central theme of politics.  Classical->modern->neo->social liberal (chronology samajhiye) Classical liberalism- locke Bentham Mill Liberalism is an ideology of the enlightenment era All are equal since all have reason - Locke  Man is atomistic .  Concept of equality in political sphere, but not in socio-economic sphere. Man is supreme. Humanism as the central theme. Society is not natural but result of contract and must further man's interests. Everybody's interests are different and sum of everyone's interest is aggregate interest. Their concpetion of society is aggregative view of society. It is also called as market model. Do not believe in collective view of society.  State is necessary(as man has passions) evil(restricts freedom). That state is best which governs the least- Thomas Jefferson. Talk about proportionate e...