Class Notes 4 You

(a). San Francisco (b). Stanford University (c). Portland (d). Florida Answer: (a) Explanation : THE GHADAR PARTY The Ghadr Party was a revolutionary group organised around a weekly newspaper  The Ghadr with its headquarters at San Francisco and branches along the US coast and in the Far East. These revolutionaries included mainly ex-soldiers and peasants who had migrated from the Punjab to the USA and Canada in search of better employment opportunities. Pre-Ghadr revolutionary activity had been carried on by Ramdas Puri, G.D. Kumar, Taraknath Das, Sohan Singh Bhakna and Lala Hardayal who reached there in 1911. To carry out revolutionary activities, the earlier activists had set up a „Swadesh Sevak Home‟ at Vancouver and „United India House‟ at Seattle. Finally, in 1913, the Ghadr was established. The Ghadr programme was to organise assassinations of officials, publish revolutionary and anti- imperialist literature, work among Indian troops stationed abroad, procure arms and bring ...

Communication technologies Open-source digital platforms Web 3.0 “Qubit Short-Range devices/technologies “Software as a Service (SaaS)” Biofilms “Fractional Orbital Bombardment System” Probiotics COVID-19 vaccines B cells and T cells Solar storm Nanoparticles DNA Barcoding Sodium lamps ,LED lamps Water properties   “ACE2” Carbon nanotubes Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines Recent advances in human reproductive technology Plant and animal cells Natural mosquito repellent Adenoviruses Bacteria ,Fungi ,Virus Pressure cooker Bollgard I and Bollgard II technologies Hereditary diseases Bisphenol A ‘Recombinant vector Vaccines’ Light-years(astronomical distances) “Triclosan”  Genetic changes,pluripotent stem cells ‘Denisovan’ Spacecraft Drones Hepatitis B,C And HIV cas9 protein Multi-drug resistance in microbial pathogens ‘RNA interference (RNAi)’ technology Functional chromosomes,Artificial functional DNA, “Public Key Infrastructure” Visible light communication (VLC) technology Ar...

UPSC CSE PRELIMS CSAT Strategy  Highest Marks in CSAT.

UPSC CSE ELIMINATION TECHNIQUES  DATA/STATS/FACTS = GENERALLY WRONG/INCORRECT as they are easy to manipulate.  (Not incorrect if given with acts) (If more than two options with data BE CAUTIOUS.)  STEADILY INCREASE/DECREASE = GENERALLY WRONG/INCORRECT.  Unless it’s for an ABSOLUTE TERM (GDP, POPULATION) and NOT a RATE of something.  EXTRA/EXTREME WORDS = GENERALLY WRONG/INCORRECT.  (ALL/EVERY/ONLY/MANY/ANY/ANYWHERE/EVERYWHERE/DRASTICALLY/COMPLETELY/VERY/ ENTIRE/ENTIRELY/NATIVE/HIGHLY/DEFINED BY/LEGALLY BINDING, ETC.)  NEGATIVES/NO/NOT/DO NOT/NEVER/NOTHING = GENERALLY WRONG/INCORRECT. COROLLARY/CONTRADICTORY STATEMENTS.  (Within the options If one option is true then the other option must be true/false.)  TWO STATEMENTS = High chances of INTERCHANGED CONTENT.  DESIRABLE/PROGRESSIVE/POSITIVE/ENABLING/GENERAL/SIMPLE/SUBJECTIVE STATEMENTS = GENERALLY RIGHT/CORRECT. (Be aware of EXTREME WORDS).  PROBABLE STATEMENTS WITH CERTAIN WORD...

 

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Solar storm (solar flare) High-energy electromagnetic radiation from solar flares is absorbed by the ionosphere, and does not reach the surface.  These may interfere with short-wave radio communication.  Solar flares pose no direct danger to humans on Earth.  Majority of the flares are not visible to the naked eye.  It can increase drag on satellites though in low Earth orbit, which can lead to orbital decay over time.  Solar flares lasting longer than 30 minutes are regarded as long duration events. Quantum Technology Quantum Entanglement When two atoms are connected, despite being separated. If you change the properties of one of them, the other changes instantly.  Quantum mechanics also says simply observing an atom changes its properties  Quantum protected cipher keys. It detects whether someone has interfered with the transmission of data. Quantum superposition Theory that subatomic particles exist in multiple states simultaneously.  While di...

Years 2022 Prelims Paper  This year the paper appeared to be on moderately tougher side. Many questions though framed on a single topic demanded in-depth knowledge from the students.  The different trend followed by UPSC this year was in the framing of the options of pair type questions, which limited the students to solve questions by elimination techniques.  Also, this time like previous years, UPSC linked the fundamental subjects with Current Affairs and important issues which were in the news. This made the paper more relevant and current affairs dominated.  Static portions like Environment, Economics, S&T etc. were given due weightage. However, few portions like Modern History saw a dip and other static portions like Geography and International Relations saw a rise in the number of questions being asked as compared to the previous years.  Questions in almost all the subjects ranged from easy to medium to difficult level.  This year International Re...

Year 2021 Prelims Paper  This year the paper appeared to be on moderately tougher side. Many questions though framed on a single topic demanded in-depth knowledge from the students from different dimensions. Multiple statements were woven and asked in a single question.  Static portions like Polity, Geography, Economics, etc. were on expected lines and were given due weightage. Questions in almost all the subjects ranged from easy to medium to difficult level.  Although inspired from current affairs, there were few unconventional themes and general awareness questions. For example sports section appeared after a very long time; a question on dayabhaga and mitakshara inspired from women rights in property.  Polity questions were a mix of both fundamental topics and current affairs. A few law related questions appeared for the first time like parole, judicial custody etc. Unlike previous years, Governance aspect was relatively given lesser weightage.  In the Histo...

Year 2020 Prelims Paper  This year the paper appeared to be on the tougher side and the options framed were confusing.  The static portions like History, Polity, Geography, Economics, etc. as expected were given due weightage.  Questions in almost all the subjects ranged from easy to medium to difficult level. Few unconventional questions were also seen. This year many questions were agriculture related which were asked from geography, environment and economics perspective.  Few questions asked by UPSC, although inspired by current affairs, required overall general awareness. For instance the questions on Indian elephants, cyber insurance, G-20, Siachen glacier, etc.  Polity questions demanded deeper understanding of the Constitution and its provisions. The options in polity questions were close but very easy basic fundamental questions like DPSP, Right to Equality, etc. were asked from regular sources like Laxmikanth. Few Questions covering the governance aspec...

Year 2019 Prelims Paper  This year the paper appeared to be on the tougher side as it was lengthy and the options framed were confusing. The themes of the questions asked seemed relevant but required in-depth understanding and knowledge. However, the static portions like History, Polity, Geography, Economics, etc. as expected were given due weightage.  Questions ranged from both fundamental topics like those in Economics e.g. PPP, P-Notes; Modern history e.g. Swadeshi Movement; Geography e.g. 21st June etc. to unconventional sources and topics in S&T which scaled the difficulty level of this paper.  UPSC has raised the bar and it expects the aspirants to even read the fine print. Questions like that on Compensatory Afforestation, External Debt, Glacier, Jagirdari and Zamindari, etc. required thorough reading and deeper understanding of the static subjects.  In the History section, this time Medieval India questions were given more weightage unlike art & cultu...

Year 2018 Prelims Paper  The Paper portrayed a departure from the trend of CSAT era and appears to be on the tougher side.  While it is a well-known fact that UPSC has shifted its focus to current affairs, yet this year, the questions were asked in an unconventional manner.  It has been observed that some of the questions like those of Post Independence history (chronological sequence of events) have been inspired directly by the articles in THE HINDU ( India @70 Midnight to millennium) or Culture (Buland Darwaza and Rumi Darwaza - covered in the ‘The Hindu’ article)  Questions ranged from both conventional sources like those in economics e.g. CAR, Legal Tender Money to unconventional sources like those in History e.g. Swarajya Sabha, Hind Mazdoor Sabha, etc.  It is observed that UPSC has raised the bar and it is now expected of aspirants to even read the fine print. Questions like that on GST, Application Programming Interfaces, Digital India Programme require ...

Year 2017 Prelims Paper   This year’s paper was more conceptual compared to the papers of CSAT era and it displayed a good mix of current affairs and conventional subjects.  The level of questions ranged from easy to moderate and difficult from almost in all the sections. The elimination was difficult as the options framed were too close or very similar.  However, even in conventional or static portion the tilt was more towards Polity and Governance.  Polity questions were asked from traditional concepts as compared to previous year’s trend. Eg. concept of rights, democracy, etc. In the current affairs section, the testing was done from their basic concepts as well as facts related to them. However, the questions from this section was not restricted to the present year but from the previous 2 – 3 years.  Economy questions were largely drawn from Current Affairs eg- GST, Monetary Policy Committee, etc. but conventional understanding in questions like post 19...

Year 2016 Prelims Paper  The analysis is based on premise that UPSC wants to identify aspirants with certain skills and aptitude required to function as a good administrator. UPSC does not explicitly describe these skills so we infer them from Syllabus, Question Paper and feedback of experts and students. This analysis is an attempt to quantify the subjective understanding and make explicit the implicit. We have inferred some conclusions from these stats but you are free to infer differently.  Moreover independent/impartial thinking is one of the qualities expected in administrators. Observations: The Paper portrayed a departure from the trend of last 4 years. Although, in 2015 the number of current affairs questions increased but in 2016 UPSC has drastically shifted their focus on Current Affairs.  There were traditional questions from non-traditional sources eg. Question on Keshab Chandra Sen and Agrahattas.  Paper was more factual compared to papers of CSAT era....

 Year 2015 GS Prelims paper  The Paper portrayed a departure from the trend of last 4 years. While many traditional questions were from non-traditional sources and inferential, many current affairs questions were very simple and straight forward eg NITI Ayog, Jandhan Yojna etc.  Paper was more factual compared to papers of CSAT era.  More focus on current affairs as many questions were inspired from news. Instead of linking the current affairs to concepts it was more on factual side.  Proportion of unapproachable questions remained on similar trends as previous year.  Polity has moved towards traditional concepts compared to last year trend of is moving towards governance and public administration type questions.  Some economy questions were on the lines of 2013 paper i.e. conceptual and analytical.  Deceptive presentation is a common method to segregate deep knowledge with superficial knowledge or hunch. This technique was used in many questions....

Year 2014 Prelims Paper  The Paper portrayed a departure from the trend of last 3 years. While traditional questions were very easy, over emphasis on questions from art and culture and environment made the paper tough. Paper was factual and traditional compared to last three years. Questions from India year book also appeared this year. Topicwise composition is moving along expected lines as weightage of art & culture and ecology/environment is increasing. Proportion of unapproachable questions increased this year, which were mostly in art & culture and ecology & environment. Polity is moving towards governance and public administration type questions (Cabinet Secretary, Constitutionalism etc.) which was on expected lines. Except few easy ones, questions this year required complete knowledge of the topic. Deceptive presentation is a common method to segregate deep knowledge with superficial knowledge or hunch. This technique was used in many questions. (Bombay Natural H...

Year 2013 GS Prelims Paper  Paper is almost on the same lines as previous year. Importance of Ecology, Economy and Culture is increasing every year. Geography is almost constant but modern India has incurred losses. Question in Economy, Polity and History are basic and easy-medium difficulty questions.  Science and Technology, Art and Culture & Geography questions are medium to difficult level. In addition, less ambiguous questions this time compared to last year. So average score should be more in this paper compared to last year but not too much. Direct current affairs is losing significance but even then half of the fundamental questions looks inspired by current happenings. Moreover, backgrounder of current affairs are becoming important.    Coal scam is of no use but properties of Indian coal are important. Recommendation of Rangarajan Panel on Sugar decontrol are not important but use of sugar by product is important. Suggestions : Read basic books properly...

Year 2012 GS Prelims Paper 2011 was an year in which UPSC asked very little from Current portion in Prelims, but 2012 has brought back Current into limelight=Never neglect Current portion and Newspapers. Increasing number of Questions from varied fields- For eg Culture questions also asked. Polity, History, Geography and Economy still rule the roost= Make these four portions as solid as possible for better scores. 

Year 2011 GS Prelims Paper   Lot of Questions could be answered by reading the basic material with a questioning mind. Newspaper reading wherever questioned required a very deep and conceptual understanding of the topic.  Questions from World Politics and India's Foreign relations were also seen which were previously absent.  Unpredictability is the beauty of UPSC Exam. Therefore the best strategy is to cover all sections of General Studies effectively.  Keep in Mind: There is no shortcut to success. All this points to the fact that a comprehensive preparation of Prelims and Mains is needed before the Prelims paper. One cannot neglect the traditional portion, but even the traditional portion has to be read with a questioning mind.