Class Notes 4 You

ELECTION COMMISSION  Introduction Art 324 Election commission Superintendence, direction and control of preparation of electoral rolls for election to Parliament and state legistures and office of President and Vice President Election commission consist of Chief Election Commission and as no. of commissioners are president think Appointment to be made by president of all ECs CEC is the chairman of election commissioner There can be regional election commissioners to assist CEC The salaries and advantages of the CEC and REC should not be to their disadvantages after their appointment Removal of CEC in the same process as of SC judge Other EC can be removed on the recommendation of CEC President or governor should make staff available to ECI Art 325 No inclusion or exclusion on electoral roll on the basis of religion, race, caste or sex One general roll for territorial constituency Art 326 Elections on the basis of adult suffrage Disqualification from registration as voter Ground of ...

STATUTORY COMMISSIONS (CAG)  Introduction Art 148 Appointed by President  by warrant under his hand and seal and  removed by the process of judge of SC Salary and advantages should not be revised to his disadvantages during his term To be  decided by parliament Not eligible for any office under Government of India  or State Govt Salary and funds charged on Consolidated fund of India Art 149 Duties and power Determined by parliament Until then as was done before the commencement of constitution with regard to account of provincial govt and central govt Art 151 The  report of CAG be submitted to president  who shall  lay it on the house of parliament The report of CAG wrt state govt shall be  submitted to governor  who will lay it on legislature of state Introduced by  Government of India  1919 Law by parliament introduced in 1971 Function is to analyse tax receipt and expenditure Reports are sent to Public Accounts Committee (PA...

GREEN REVOLUTION  Introduction Purpose Make India  self-sufficient in production  of food grains Philosophy Production centred approach, based on  capitalism Capital intensive . use of fertilizers, HYV seeds, pesticides, etc Intensive use of land Started in  1961 as Intensive Agriculture Development Programme (IADP) Later extended to 114 districts  under Intensive Agricultural Area Programme (IAAP) in 1965 Outcomes Self sufficient in food production Growth in agricultural sector at 3-5% VKRV Rao : gains came at  substantial social  and political cost Increased  gap between rich and poor Increased  rural indebtness  due to farmers borrowing to purchase implements and seeds Small and marginal actually lost land GS Bhalla, GK Chaddha : increased agricultural wages, total income and strengthened bargaining power of workers Hansara, SS Grewal : no increase in real wages Decline in living standards Migrant labour Created social unrest Rud...

LAND REFORMS  Introduction Purpose: Eradication of  poverty and hunger Philosophy: S ocialist idea of redistributive  justice History One of  promise of congress Daniel Thorner:  India is the most important case of study of land reforms means institutional backing to address concentration of wealth in few and giving to landless Constitutional provision Directive Principle: art 39(b),(c)  makes it constitutional obligation on Indian state to address concentration of wealth 44th amendment repealed right to property 9th schedule  introduced by 1st amendment contains large no. of  land reform legislation Types  of land reform Zamindari  abolition Only successful aspect of land reform Most zamindar got heavy compensation  invested in capital industries like rice mill Tenancy  reform Comparatively successful Idea was to give  security to tenants Most successful in Kerala and WB- operation Banga Benefitted intermediate caste...

LIBERALISATION OF INDIAN ECONOMY  Introduction India was known as  caged tiger Potential of Indian  economy caged by populist policies India waited for crisis to make structural adjustments eg- gulf war and disintegration of USSR Amartya Sen : there is conflict among scholars whether internal or external factors led to change of policies Debate on consequences of new model Bimal Jalan :  good that all parties agree that there needs to be reform Current state of liberalisation Economic Survey 2016-17: remarkable transition from closed and listless economy to open and thriving economy Evaluated liberalisation  Openness to trade More than expected Openness to foreign capital Normal compared to other emerging economies Extent of PSUs Significantly rolled public sector in sectors like civil aviation, telecom and financial services Govt expenditure Not very high expenditure compared to level of development Since 1980, there is  4.5% per capita increase  in i...