Class Notes 4 You

The middle classes constitute a critical market for most goods and services. A sizable portion of any nation’s tax revenue is collected either directly or indirectly from this group and they are important for economic and social development via urbanization and industrialization. Middle class working in metro cities but due to heavy land cost, they are purchasing lands in Tier 2 cities. Ex:- Sonipat because of NCR Development.  Work from Home has resulted into demand of goods and services in Tier 2 cities, thus opening of Pizza outlets, Dosa corner etc.  The major reason of rise in Consumption in a new middle class can be Work, Stress and Enjoyment Purposes.  Start-ups find that initial costs are much lower, skilled personnel more affordable, and local authorities a lot friendlier in tier 2 and tier 3 cities.  Aesthetics are as important as functionality, an office should be a space where employees feel excited to step in, every day. Ex:- Nissan’s Digital Hub in Thir...

The ‘Work from Home’ concept is a breakthrough in the traditional characteristics of work. Maintaining the productivity levels as well as ensuring safety is the ‘Work from home’ model. WFH have a widespread impact on family relationships: Positive Impact: Time saved in commuting can be spent qualitatively with family. More over work can be scheduled accordingly.  WFH improved family relationships through proper adaptive processes, and the relations were moderated by the education level and age of individuals.  Increased work expectations and distractions, reduced communications with family and ultimately impacts the mental and physical health.  Blurred work-life boundaries can make it difficult to detach mentally from work which can increase stress and anxiety.  More time to children reduces the friction between child and father. Negative Impact: Domestic violence – The WHO report showed a general trend of increase in sexual violence and intimate partner violence rat...

Wind is used to produce electricity using the kinetic energy created by air in motion. This is transformed into electrical energy using wind turbines or wind energy conversion systems. Potential of Wind Energy in India as per Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC): India currently has 13.4 GW of prospective projects in wind energy, which are expected to drive installations until 2024 in the market.  India is expected to add 3.2 GW in 2022, 4.1 GW in 2023 peaking to 4.6 GW in 2024, thereafter declining to 4 GW and 3.5 GW in the next two years.  It is found by the National Institute for Wind Energy (based in Chennai) that western states have larger potential in terms of a stable, steady and a speedy wind flow starting from Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka to Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. Tamil Nadu is the largest producer of wind energy producing 9,075MW in 2019.  Reasons for Limited Spatial Spread: Eastern Coast of India is frequently affected by the cyclones hence it is diffic...

The Deccan Trap is a thick series of late cretaceous basaltic lava flows that occupy approximately 500000 square kilometres of peninsular India. This basaltic lava soil has been eroded step by step as a result of erosion, and it is known as the Deccan trap. This Deccan trap is common throughout the Deccan plateau, which includes Saurashtra, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and portions of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. Potentials of Deccan Traps: Bellary-Chitradurga-Chikmaglur-Tumkur belt: Karnataka has large reserves of iron ore. The Kudremukh mines situated in the Western Ghats of Karnataka are a 100% export unit. Kudremukh mines are known to be one of the largest iron ore deposits and the ore from this mine is transported as slurry through a pipeline to a port near Mangalore.  Maharashtra – Goa Belt: This belt comprises the state of Goa and Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra. The ores of this belt are not of very high quality, but they are exploited efficiently and it is exported through ...

The Indian Meteorological Department plays the most important role in predicting and issuing colourcoded weather warnings in the cyclone prone area. The IMD has four colour-coded warnings as per the intensity of any weather system — green, yellow, orange and the last one being red. Colour Code    ||||  Stage of Warning Green (No Alert) |||| No advisors issued Yellow (Be Updated) |||| Several bad weather across several days Orange (Be Prepared) |||| Sign for evacuation and keeping the basic necessities ready Red (Take Action)  ||||  Prepared for extraordinary measures and follow given by authorities. These alerts are universal in nature and are also issued during floods, depending on the amount of water rising above land/in a river as a result of torrential rainfall. For instance, when the water in a river is ‘above normal’ level, or between the ‘warning’ and ‘danger’ levels, a yellow alert is issued. Hence, The Indian Metrological Department (IMD) issued a fresh...

A rock is an aggregate of one or more minerals. The cooling of extremely fluid and hot liquid Magma forms igneous rocks. Igneous rocks can be formed by two types of processes: Directly by cooling of magma in the interior of the earth.  By cooling of lava above the surface of the earth when lava gets poured on the surface. As the Igneous Rocks form the earth’s first crust and all other rocks are formed from these rocks, they are also known as the Primary Rocks or the parents of all rocks. Characteristics of Primary Rocks: They can be easily identified with their texture, density, colour, and mineral composition. Its texture depends on the shape, size, time period to cool down and solidify, and the arrangement of crystals in the rock.  Fossils are not found in these rocks. Fossils get destroyed due to the sheer heat these rocks produce.  Usually do not react with acids. Comparatively fine grained and smooth textured.  They are mostly hard rocks as water percolates with...

Colonial India witnessed severe famine during mid-eighteenth century like The Great Bengal famine 1770; the Chalisa famine of 1783–1784; Doji bara famine of Madras 1791–1792. Apathetic behaviour of British rulers. Reasons of famine: The famines were a product both of uneven rainfall and British economic and administrative policies.  Partial failure of crops was quite a regular occurrence.  Proximate causes of famine comprise localized natural disasters (a cyclone, storm surges and flooding, and rice crop disease) combined with the consequences of war.  East India Company (EIC) kept the famine relief as cheap as possible, with minimum cost to the colonial exchequer.  Colonial policies implicated include rack-renting, levies for war, free trade policies, the expansion of export agriculture, and neglect of agricultural investment.  Indian exports of opium, rice, wheat, indigo, jute, and cotton were a key component of the economy as well as stopping rice imports....