Class Notes 4 You

a) the Preamble and the Fundamental Rights  b) the Preamble and the Directive Principles of State Policy  c) the Fundamental Rights and the Directive Rights and the Directive Principles of State Policy  d) None of the above   Solution:  Economic justice denotes the non-discrimination between people on the basis of economic factors. It involves the elimination of glaring inequalities in wealth, income and property. A combination of social justice and economic justice denotes what is known as ‘distributive justice’. The term ‘justice’ in the Preamble embraces three distinct forms—social, economic and political, secured through various provisions of Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles. The concept of Economic Justice is also mentioned under the Directive Principles of State Policy. Article 39 says that the State shall, in particular, direct its policy towards securing—  (a) that the citizens, men and women equally, have the right to an adequate me...

1. Limitation of Powers  2. Equality before law  3. People's responsibility to the Government  4. Liberty and civil rights  Select the correct answer using the code given below:  a) 1 and 3 only  b) 2 and 4 only  c) 1, 2 and 4 only  d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 Solution:  In order to understand the concept of rule of law, it is to be comprehended that the state is governed not by the ruler or the nominated representatives of the people but by the law.  The term ‘Rule of Law’ is nowhere defined in the Indian Constitution but this term is often used by the Indian judiciary in their judgments.  Rule of law has been declared by the Supreme Court as one of the basic features of the Constitution so it cannot be amended even by the constitutional amendment.  Rule of law is seen as an integral part of good governance. The “Rule of Law” is a principle of governance which implies that the creation of laws, their enforcement, and the relationships am...

a) the intelligence and character of ordinary men and women.  b) the methods for strengthening executive leadership.  c) a superior individual with dynamism and vision.  d) a band of dedicated party workers.  Solution:  The word democracy comes from the Greek word "demos", meaning people, and "kratos" meaning power; so, democracy can be thought of as "power of the people": a way of governing which depends on the will of the people. The most obvious ways to participate in government are to vote, or to stand for office and become a representative of  the people. Democracy, however, is about far more than just voting, and there are numerous other ways of engaging with politics and government. The effective functioning of democracy, in fact, depends on ordinary people using these other means as much as possible. The take-off point for a democracy is the idea of consent, i.e., the desire, approval and participation of people. It is the decision of people that c...

 1. Members of the Cabinet are Members of the Parliament.  2. Ministers hold the office till they enjoy confidence in the Parliament.  3. Cabinet is headed by the Head of the State.  Select the correct answer using the codes given below:  a) 1 and 2 only  b) 3 only  c) 2 and 3 only  d) 1, 2 and 3  Solution:  In the context of India, there are mainly two principles which can be implied institutionally in the Parliamentary form of government: A Member of the Cabinet must be a Member of the Parliament. If a person who is not a member of the parliament and is appointed as a minister then he/she has to get elected to either of the two houses of parliament within six months. In a parliamentary form of government, the council of ministers hold office till they enjoy the confidence of the parliament (in India’s case that of Lok Sabha). Hence, Ministers hold the office till they enjoy confidence in the Parliament. The President is Head of the Sta...

 a) The Preamble  b) The Fundamental Rights  c) The Directive Principles of State Policy  d) The Fundamental Duties  Solution:  The mind of the makers of the Constitution of India is reflected in the Preamble.  The Preamble to a Constitution embodies the fundamental values and the philosophy, on which the Constitution is based.  It embodies the aims and objectives, which the founding fathers of the Constitution enjoined the polity to strive to achieve.  The Preamble embodies the basic philosophy and fundamental values–political, moral and religious–on which the Constitution is based. It contains the grand and noble vision of the Constituent Assembly, and reflects the dreams and aspirations of the founding fathers of the Constitution.  In the words of Sir Alladi Krishnaswami Iyer, a member of the Constituent Assembly who played a significant role in making the Constitution, ‘The Preamble to our Constitution expresses what we had thought o...