Class Notes 4 You

India has a parliamentary system of government and France have Semi Presidential system. The French republic is governed by the president, prime minister, and cabinet. The prime minister of the country leads the policies related to the republic, while, the president leads the foreign-related policies.  Procedure for election of French President: The President is elected to 5-year term in a two-round election. If no candidate secures an absolute majority of votes in the first round, a second round is held two weeks later between the two candidates who received the most votes. It is a voting method used to elect a single candidate, where voters cast a single vote for their preferred candidate. Under the two-round system, usually only the two candidates who received the most votes in the first round, or only those candidates who received above a prescribed proportion of the votes, are candidates in the second round. Other candidate are excluded from the second round. Critical examinat...

  Current Affairs  Important Newspaper Highlights for UPSC Civil Services Examination. 20 October 2022 The HINDU 🧡 (Page 1) : China again blocks 2 proposals on Pak. terrorists at UNSC  💚 (Page 2) : GRAP Stage II kicks in as Delhi's air quality may turn 'very poor'  🧡 (Page 6) : A new lease of LIFE for climate action 💚 (Page 8) : Held up by the Chinese 🧡 (Page 10) : Centre to promote destinations in 15 States as part of Swadesh Darshan 2  💚 (Page 12) : We have to work fast to solve challenges in space tech: Modi  🧡 (Page 14) : China's total trade surplus with India 'surpasses $1 trillion'  💚 (Page 14) : 'India fast emerging as Web3 economy'  The Indian EXPRESS 🧡 (Page 1) : PM unveil Make in India new list: Frigates to SAMs  💚 (Page 1) : Rupee falls to record 83.02 imported inflation is now a worry  🧡 (Page 9) : India can supply weapons to fight terror, drugs in Indian Ocean Reason, says Rajnath  💚 (Page 12) : SC lawyer: H...

India opted for federal structure of the government, after independence. Our federalism is tilted towards centre to maintain unity and integrity of India. National parties favours Centralisation: Easy to govern. Ideological base is wide.  Considers Regional aspiration as disintegrating force.  Understand the issue of National security comprehensively.  Represents the wider presence of different sections in the party itself.  Delays the international negotiation and hampers Bilateral relation. Ex:- Teesta issue. State Parties Favours Decentralisation: Appoint of Governors and misuse of Article 356.  Emergency powers with centre.  Dependence of the states on the centre for financial assistance. Appoint of Governors.  Residuary power with centre. Commissions’ setup by regional parties to review federal structure: Rajmannar Commission, 1969: demanded readjustment of the VII schedule and residuary power to the states.  Anandpur Sahib Resolution, 1973: ...

The ordinance was originally conceived as an emergency provision. However, in recent times the frequent use of ordinance route has led to the undermining the role of the legislature and the doctrine of Separation of powers. Governor under Article 213 can promulgate an ordinance only when the legislative assembly is not in session.  He can promulgate an ordinance only when he is satisfied that circumstances exist which render it necessary for him to take immediate action.  He can issue ordinances only on those subjects on which the state legislature can make laws.  An ordinance issued by him has the same force and effect as an act of the state legislature can make laws. Legality of re-promulgation of ordinances Against the very idea of separation of power  In conflict with parliamentary supremacy  Abuse of the exceptional power  The question of judicial review Judicial safeguard DC Wadhwa vs. the State of Bihar (1987) that the legislative power of the execut...

An Act to provide for the conduct of elections of the Houses of Parliament and to the House or Houses of the Legislature of each State, the qualifications and disqualifications for membership of those Houses, the corrupt practises and other offences at or in connection with such elections and the decision of doubts and disputes arising out of or in connection with such elections. Procedure to decide the dispute: Section 100 of the RPA, 1951 deals with the grounds on which an election may be challenged by means of election petition.  By any non-compliance with provisions of the Constitution or of this Act or of any rules or orders made under this Act, the High Court shall declare the election of the returned candidate to be void.  After the election petition on the matter of corrupt practices in High court. Order of the High court is sent to the president through the secretary general and then ECI looks into the issue where judicial hearing is given to the affected party. A per...