Class Notes 4 You

Indian diaspora comprised approximately 31 million people, of which PIOs were 17 million and NRIs were 13 million, spread across 146 countries in the world. Playing a Decisive Role: Economic Implications: USA: ● The Indus Entrepreneur and Silicon Valley Bank had brought two delegations of Venture capital companies to explore potential investment opportunities. ● Some Venture capitalists of Indian origin in the US have funded Indian R&D companies who are likely to produce Intellectual Property and innovative products in the areas of wireless technology, semiconductor design technology. West Bridge Capital, Kleiner Perkins Caulfied & Byers and Norwest Venture Group are the best examples in this regard. Europe: ● Nand Kumar Kurup, an IIT-Delhi alumnus, runs a fashion company Ince Global in Milan which he set up in 2007. ● Ranjit Singh, who went to Italy from Punjab in 1993, now runs an auto parts factory in the north Italian city of Cremona and employs 30 workers –– all of whom ar...

It is rightly said the 21st century is Asian century, which is being led by China and this brings China in direct confrontation with the USA which is known for its hegemony since the end of the second world war. During the period of 1940-1990, there has been a direct confrontation with erstwhile Russia, but the competition with China is different in the sense: • Ideological vs Economical War : USA and USSR were locked in ideological battle China continues to be the world’s largest supplier of rare earth, used for high-technology consumer products and military equipment, accounting for roughly 90 percent of the world’s production and a lion’s share of the United States’ imports. • Bipolar vs Multipolar world : World was Bipolar thus all the countries were forced to fall in either of the two camps, but today the world is in flux, no one knows who stands where. • Pax Americana vs Indo-pacific : The 20th century was known as US dictating relations with the countries, but today with the cen...

AUKUS is a trilateral security partnership between the USA, UK and Australia to provide Australia with nuclear-powered submarines in the Indo-Pacific region. AUKUS represents, America is back, Partnership with fellow democracies and equal engagement with Indo-pacific and transatlantic countries. How AUKUS may supersede existing partnerships in the region as: 1. May undermine the more well-rounded/balanced objectives of QUAD. 2. May weaken the five eyes alliance group, (New-Zealand has shown displeasure over the formation of AUKUS) 3. May weaken the ASEAN centrality in the region. Malaysia and Indonesia have shown displeasure over the presence of nuclear-powered submarines in the region. 4. USA promoting security partnership with its Anglo-Saxon allies may leave India and others out from the regional security architecture. 5. France, being a traditional stakeholder in the region, because of the presence of many French controlled islands has taken a blow. As Australia has cancelled the ...

Intro- Systems approach in IR seeks to analyse international relations as a system of interactions of states which are interdependent and interrelated. It is a product of behavioural revolution in IR Morton A Kaplan.-work- systems and processes in International politics Wanted to build a grand theory of international politics which can explain past, present and future of international politics Most suitable for study of international politics because it requires interdisciplinary approach. Also it is non-normative ,value neutral and free from biases Approach takes international politics as an overarching idea and not as a sum of foreign policies. Critical evaluation by traditionalists like Robert J Lieber: Criticised as model building exercise rather than theory building. Many models are hypothetical Just a general explanation of international politics. No analysis Ignore importance of domestic factors, personality factors do not help in making predictions Stanly Hoffmann- strange ...

Intro: PM Modi: no two countries in the world understand each other so well or share so much as India and Bhutan." Treaty of friendship 1949 that was revised in 2007 forms the basis of relationship of the two nations. Importance- India’s most successful bilateral relationship Chumbi valley Buffer state Contain insurgency in NE Boycotted BRI Cooperation: India is Bhutan’s largest trading partner Recently Modi inaugurated the mangadechhu project of 700MW , Kholongchu 600MW joint venture of India and Bhutan India launched use of Rupay card in Bhutan to improve people to people contacts Acc to UN convention, landlocked countries to be given only 2 ports of access, India has given unlimited access to all ports. India’s continuous contribution in Bhutan's five year plans. India is Bhutan's largest trading partner India’s assistance to Bhutan during Doklam crisis shows India's seriousness for Bhutan's sovereignty. India has proposed to build a road in  Bhutan ’s ‘ Yeti te...

Intro: Globalization defined as growing interdependence of the world's economies, cultures, and populations, brought about by cross-border trade in goods and services, technology, and flows of investment, people, and information Those who praise globalization: Kofi Anna- talking against globalization is like talking against gravity . Marshall McLuhan says globalization has made the world a “global village.” Thomas Friedman- Says the world has become flat due to globalization. The Golden Arches Theory of Conflict Prevention was proposed by economist Thomas Friedman as a way of explaining how globalization affects foreign policy and conflict. Essentially, the Theory points out that no two countries that both have McDonald's franchises have ever gone to war. The reasoning behind this correlation, Friedman says, is that once economies become sufficiently integrated, both the cost of going to war and the amount of contact between two countries will increase. Both these factors lead...

Pro tip: Use theories of liberalism when giving way forward for Multilateral institutions liberal institutionalism for UN,WTO,etc India's bilateral relations like interdependence and social liberalism for India china/ India Pak Regional organisations Interdependence , social liberalism for SAARC All liberal approaches are similar to each other, hence when writing about one, link it with other liberal approaches Intro: liberalism in IR refers to an ideology that wants to create a peaceful world through the use of free trade,norms,values and international organisations. First school of intl politics which was dominant from 1991 to 2001 features of liberal international order described in the works of Daniel Deudney and John Ikenberry Rejection of power view of international  politics Cosmopolitan view of international relations in which the world is viewed as a society of people , boundaries become irrelevant and people think of themselves as citizens of this planet and not of a part...

Intro- “Whoever controls the Indian Ocean, dominates Asia. This ocean is the key to the seven seas. In the Twenty – First century, the destiny of the world will be decided on its waters”-Alfred Mahan (on Indian Ocean) Lord Curzon understood that India’s security and greatness were intimately tied to the maritime routes and choke points connecting it to Europe and the Far East. In his words “lose control of these and India would be hostage to its strongest landward neighbor.” 5 pillars of SAGAR- India’s role as a net security provider in the IOR Active engagement with friendly countries in IOR Developing a network to take effective collective action for advancing peace and security in the region Integrated and a cooperative focus for sustainable development of all countries in the region Primary responsibility for peace and stability in IOR will be on those “who live in the region.” PM Modi has highlighted Indian approach to Indian ocean- Deepening economic and security cooperation with...

Intro: Ikenberry’s definition of world order. context: the world order has always been in a state of flux. from Pax Britannica to Pax Americana to now moving towards a Pax Sinica world order As per polarity of power thesis, world order has changed from bipolarity of cold war to uni-polarity and the current phase of multi-polarity Acc to Fareed Zakaria, the world order is witnessing “decline of the west and rise of the rest.” Shivshankar Menon says the current world order is militarily uni-polar, economically multi-polar and politically confused. In this changing world order , India has a vision to get its rightful place in the comity of nations. India’s vision of a new world order: Thiruvalluvar- wisdom is to live in tune with the mode of the changing world. Shyam Saran in his book “How India sees the world”mentions India views itself as a part of Jambudeweep ( world island), which shows it believes in multi-polar world. India seeks an open architecture of international relations based...