Class Notes 4 You

Issues related to development and management of social sector and services  Significance of Human Capital For individuals and families : Higher earnings and improved standard of living Generational returns : Benefits of human capital transcend private returns, extending to others and across generations. For societies Building social capital :enhances social cohesion and equity while strengthening people’s trust in institutions. Incremental results on Human Capital : Societies need sufficient human capital in the form of competent people who have themselves been educated and trained as professors and other professionals to produce other human capital. For countries Human capital complements physical capital in the production process as people with higher human capital can use the physical capital more effectively and adapt faster to technological change Education provides knowledge to understand changes in society and scientific advancements, thus, facilitate inventions and innova...

Women Empowerment is the process which confers power on individuals over their own lives, in their society, and in their communities ,  it is an exercise in enhancing their educational, economic, social, political, and health status National Crime Records Bureau 2017 data crimes against women - assault on women with intent to outrage her modesty comprised 21.7%, and rape 7%. phases of women’s movement in India  Before 20th century 1900 to 1950 1950 to 1970 1970 to 2000 2000 to - #Metoo  women’s organisations have throughout history played an essential role in women empowerment in ensuring equal rights. They have played not only legal, economic and social roles but also have a historic importance.  Health Empowerment Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY ): maternity benefit programme provides cash transfer (conditional) for expecting and lactating women to compensate for wage loss. fosters care and utilization of institutional services during child birth...

Scheduled Castes and Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989  1955- Protection of Civil Rights Act to protect the fundamental and socio-economic, political, and cultural rights Features Special Courts for the trial and for the relief and rehabilitation of the victims Central Government to frame rules for carrying out the purpose of the Act. lists 22 offences relating to various patterns of behaviours inflicting criminal offences for shattering the self-respect and esteem of SCs and STs, denial of economic, democratic and social rights, discrimination, exploitation and abuse of the legal process, etc implemented by the respective State Governments and Union Territory Administrations amended in 2016 to add new offences to atrocities such as garlanding with footwears etc., & a chapter on the ‘Rights of Victims and Witnesses ’, defining ‘willful negligence’ of public servants clearly Supreme Court in March 2018 diluted the Act in Subhash Kashinath Mahajan vs State of Maharas...

NITI Aayog Strategy for India @75 Objective To bridge the gap between minority communities and the rest of the population with respect to various socio-economic and human development indicators through affirmative action. Current Situation Census 2011 total population of 121 crore , Hindus constitute 79.8%, Muslims 14.25%, Christians 2.3%, Sikhs 1.7%, Buddhists 0.7% and Jains 0.4%. religious minorities lag behind on indicators pertaining to educational attainment, gender equality and workforce participation. Constraints Data on development indicators not generated at regular intervals. Some also included under SCs, STs and OBCs resulting in duplication of schemes Way Forward Enhance pre-matric scholarships, post-matric scholarships, merit-cum-means scholarships, Maulana Azad National Fellowships and National Overseas Scholarships with a 15 per cent increase annually from 2019-20. Increase the number of scholarships for girls from minority communities by 10 per cent every year. Prov...

Land Reforms Land reforms were necessary to ensure that fruits of independence could reach the common people because political independence was meaningless without social economic independence. Land was an important source of income for majority of Indian population because agriculture was the main subsistence activity. In 1936 at the Faizpur session of Congress resolutions were adopted for empowerment of peasants and tenant cultivators . The resolution demanded abolition of intermediaries, reduction in land rent and land revenue, abolition of feudal dues and fixation of tenure for tenant cultivators. As the influence of socialism increased in the Congress demands concerning common peasants and tenant cultivators had continued to increase . Implementation of land reforms after Independence was the result of the same. Need for Land Reforms Land reforms for a countermeasure against colonial legacy . During british rule a number of land settlements were implemented like permanent se...