Class Notes 4 You

Intro:  Federalism is derived from the Latin word foedus, which means treaty or agreement. Federalism therefore, is a political system that is formed through a treaty or agreement between a central authority and its various constituent units. how scholars have described Indian federation. WH Morris Jones called Indian federalism as “bargaining federalism” Ivor Jennings has described it as “ Federation with strong centralising tendency.” Greenville Austin said “ India's federation is cooperative federalism. Though the Constitution of India has created a strong central government, it has not made the state governments weak and has not reduced them to the level of executive agencies of the central government. He described the Indian Federation as “a new kind of federation to meet India’s peculiar needs.” India a quasi federal- Kenneth Clinton Wheare. Has ethnocentric attitude as he views USA as pure federalism Charles Henry Alexandrowicz said India's federalism is Sui generis Alf...

Arpit Chauhan AIR-20 UPSC CSE 2021 PSIR Strategy.  Hello everyone. I have given a TOPPERS TALK at Vision IAS that has now been released. In this 3hr 20min long video, I have tried to share my strategy for various stages of the exam as well as different GS/optional papers along with taking certain doubts from the students. Essay, GS, optional, prelims, notes making, answer writing have been comprehensively covered. This is the closest assessment of my strategy on my own and a better way of giving back to the aspirant community in both practical and motivational terms. I hope any aspirant preparing for the exam would be able to draw certain DOs & DONTs from this that would take them a step closer to their destination. Thank you! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hAsM3Z5HgrA&t=7737s PSIR (POLITICAL SCIENCE & INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS)  Hello Everyone!! Many of you have asked me regarding my optional strategy. So, here is something. My optional subject was PSIR (POLITICAL ...

Aishwarya Verma AIR 4 UPSC CSE 2021 Hello everyone. This is Aishwarya Verma UPSC CSE'21 AIR 4 this year. Contrary to the common perception i am a boy😂(Sorry to those who got disappointed). Many students have asked me for the strategy, notes and experience regarding the upsc journey. As it becomes difficult to respond individually i have created this channel so that i can share the respective things and it can reach a larger pool of aspirants. This is my scorecard. As you can see that a greater share in the GS papers with uniformity can help you get through. This is one specific area that i focussed this year compared to earlier years.   COACHING: Is it necessary? UPSC is a long journey and the strategy is unique for everyone. Since it is a long journey, sometimes we tend to divert from the right strategy and path that can cost us our attempts. Hence some or the other guidance is needed to motivate us from time to time and steer our journey along the right direction so that we...

Digital education refers to the use of Digi-tech and digital-media for the purpose of education. It was considered as a new frontier of the IT revolution, whose need was exacerbated as the schools remained shut during COVID induced lockdown. Prominent Digital education initiatives include : 1. SWAYAM prabha- digital TV channels dedicated to curriculum-based education. 2. National Digital Library- academic textbook repository 3. e-Pathshala- for disseminating e-resources 4. Manodarpan Initiative: Psychological counselling for students Positive Role of Digital Education in educational sector : 1. Continuity of learning during the lockdown and school closure days 2. Use of tools like AI, Data Analytics to better monitor learning outcomes 3. Interactive learning solutions via a host of graphical and digital interfaces. 4. Breaking the transmission chain without compromising the education process. 5. Accessibility of best teachers and resources from any corner of the country. Challenges ass...

Customs and Traditions indicate practises of a community or group, having developed over a period of time and bearing socio-religious significance. The unique diversity of India is the reason behind the large number of customs and traditions prevalent in her lands. Without rationality, it often leads to obscurantism in the following ways: 1. Untouchability was a custom which segregated people of lower castes as an exclusive group. 2. Abortion is considered a sin in Christianity irrespective of its need. 3. Female Genital Mutilation in some communities is a horrific tradition based in patriarchy and denies bodily autonomy to women. 4. Superstition dominates daily life and is an indicator of lack of reason. 5. People in many places have been accused of killing widows, elderly women on accusations of witchcraft. 6. Child marriage is a tradition rooted in seeing girls as a familial burden. However, not all customs and traditions lead to obscurantism, especially when applied with a rational...

Regionalism is a sense of expression and identity towards a geographical region. Regionalism is a permanent feature of Indian society as our national identity is only a century old while our regional identity is way older. Rising assertion of cultural identity has been a major cause of regionalism in India: 1. Supremacy of one identity over other: Attacks on people from north east in Delhi, Bangalore etc. 2. Economic factors: Sons of soil movement against migrants in Maharashtra. 3. Separate state demand to protect interest: Bodoland, Gorkhaland. 4. Militant regionalism: Tripura, Nagaland etc. 5. Regionalism coloured with religious doctrines: Khalistan in 1980s. 6. Expression of regional culture: Karnataka state flag controversy. 7. Role of regional parties and elections fought on insider vs outsider. Regionalism isn't always detrimental. It helps in power decentralisation, voicing aspirations etc. However, at its extreme, it is a threat to national integration and security. Govern...

Accelerated Class Inequalities and Poverty in India: 1. The State of working India report 2021 by Azim Premji shows people are moving from formal to informal work. 2. Poverty rates in rural areas have increased by 15% points and in urban areas by 20% points. 3. The conditions are worse when we look into the poverty data by caste, religion. 4. According to the Oxfam Report, India's richest 1% of the population hold 42.5% of national wealth while the bottom 50%, the majority of the population, owns a mere 2.8%.  5. The World Bank assesses that this pandemic will push an extra 88 million to 115 million individuals into outrageous destitution with the complete ascending to around 150 million by 2021 where the new poor would be in nations previously having high neediness rates. The government has launched PM Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana and Atma-Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan to check rising Inequalities and Poverty. However, undoing the impacts of Covid-19 will certainly not be a short-term proces...