Class Notes 4 You

Economic Geography NCERT Notes    This is a compilation of few major facts I found relevant for the exam. 

  Current Affairs Important Newspaper highlights for UPSC 17 July 2022 The HINDU   ☕'Butan-China talks won't focus on Doklam' 🐈14 years after split, Jamiat function likely to merge 🦅Bid date for submarine project extended again 🦚Will RBI move help greater trade in rupees?  🦧What will be the impact of euro-dollar parity?  🍌Where is population growth taking place?

Capitalist states Characteristics- From Marxist perspective the states in these countries can be considered as instrument of capitalist class From Emmanuel Wallenstein's point of view, these are core countries. Idea of laissez faire state Also described as “night watchman “ state by Robert Nozick. From elitist perspective, C wright mills Says these are led by power elites. Robert dahl use the pluralist perspective to suggest that the states can be called as polyarchies/deformed polyarchies The parties are pragmatic and institutionalized. They have internal democracies as well. Changing trends Nature of state in capitalist countries are shaped by the changing requirements of capitalism itself. Started as laisez faire states on the ideas of locke, Adam Smith and Malthus, Ricardo Laissez Faire Changed to welfare state to protect capital arm from socialist revolution Welfare state based on the ideas of Rawls, Dworkin, Keynes, Galbraith Dominated till 1970s. Then started rolling back of...

Definition: It is a sub discipline of pol science that focuses  on the study of countries' political systems , Governments, institutions and constitutions across the world As old as pol philosophy , Aristotle is father as he compared 158 constitution and gave theory of constitutions. It was then used by Machiavelli, Tocqueville ( compared USA and France) , Montesquieu in his spirit of laws. Factors for its emergence- Behaviouralism after ww2 —> David Easton—-> wanted to make pol sci as pure science Rise of authoritarianism in the form of fascism,Nazism and communism that political theories were not able to explain. Post world war new post colonial states emerged where the there was a consider Difference between text and context. Since these were prismatic societies, Their politics was too complex to be analysed through traditional normative methods Traditional CP- before WW2 Legal-institutional approach - Study of Western countries and their constitution but since their cultu...

Intro: Social movements involve collective struggle aimed at bringing social transformation questioning prevailing order , power relations, struggle for justice etc. Developed countries- Old left- against exploitative nature of capitalism, inequalities(monochromatic) These were working class movements in the developed world. In the developing world these were peasant movements against feudalism, anti colonialism movements. New left- started in 1960s . Herbert Marcuse is known as father of new left . Based on the ideas of Young Marx, hence the aim of these movements is “human emancipation.” Unlike the old social movements that talked of basic necessities of life, the new social movements focus on the “quality of life.” These movements exhibit plural ideas and values and hence difficult to compartmentalise as socialist, capitalist,right or left. Post materialist movements and focus more on developmental issues like sustainable development, disarmament, LGBT, social media movements like m...

Political parties are the essential components of representative democracy .They are the umbilical cord that links citizens to their govts. The study of political parties has been promoted as a result of behavioural movement in poli science and led to development of statistiology Pol parties are powerhouses- Max Weber Do the work on the interest aggregation- Almond and Powell Laski- democracy is unthinkable w/o pol parties. Zoya Hassan and Y Yadav- pol parties have done historic function of bringing social and economic transformation Theories and models of political parties- Lenin’s contribution Gave theory of Communist party in his pamphlet- what is to be done Called communist party as vanguard of revolution communist parties operate through secret cells , pyramidal structure, democratic centralism i.e. policies decided at base and communicated to top leadership) Leaders convert this demand into the workable programme of action. What is the program is decided, it has to be impleme...

Intro: The Indian Independence Movement was a series of historic events with the ultimate aim of ending the British rule in India.  Radical Humanist perspective: was advocated by MN Roy. He published his thoughts in New Humanism-A manifesto. He said radical humanism was called radical because it rejected many traditional political and philosophical assumptions and humanism   as its focus was entirely on the needs and conditions of human beings. Roy was an advocate of “party-less democracy.’ Hence he held critical views regarding role of Congress and Gandhi in INM. For Roy, Congress wanted to end the British rule and establish congress rule over India. Roy called Gandhi a “weak and watery man who was always on a lookout for appointments with the Viceroy.” MN Roy and his followers quit the congress and dissolved their “League of Radical Congressmen” to create “Radical democratic Party” in 1939. They were opposed to the congress regarding World War II. They favored Indian...