AURBINDO GHOSH

prophet of Indian nationalism.

Introduction	Criticism of Moderates
1872-1950 belonged to extremist phase critic of moderates against constitutional methods gave the theory of passive resistance Gandhi continued on his work biggest contribution is 'Theory of Indian Nationalism' prophet of indian nationalism later moved away from active politics towards spiritual upliftment Rabindra Nath Tagore: world will come to know the essence of India through the writings of Aurbindo synthesised the philosophic system of east and west into an integrated philosophy	dissatisfied with early nationalist like Dadabhai, SN Banerjee on view of British raj they considered it as blessing in disguise, considered british as source of modernisation they proposed mild constitutional methods like prayers, petitions, protest within legislature wanted Swaraj within British empire, status of dominian state like other colonies artilces- New Lamps for Old in newspaper Indu Prakash. criticised early nationalists foreign rule is evil, stops the natural growth of nation first to talk about Poorna Swaraj, not dominion status emergence of india as nation has divine significance universal spirit has chosen india to spread its message which can't be spread through slavery he was against constitutional methods since Britishers were not responsible in india proposed direct actions armed resistance passive resistance for india armed strategy is not suited, so go for passive resistance strike at root of british colonialism, ie, india as source of raw materials and market for finished goods he suggests Swadeshi and Boycott proposed national education as british school are for production of 'loyalists'
Theory of Nationalism	Concept of Nation
understanding of nationalism in general inspired by western scholars like Hegel , Herder , Bergson , Neitzsche , Lamprecht,  Schopenhauer understanding of indian nationalism inspired by vivekananda , Bankim Chandra Chatterjee universal spirit wants to give different messages from different nationalism like beauty from greek, materialism from britain, spiritualism from india india will be protector of the humanity on earth general understanding of nationalism context: colonial masters say india is geographical entity and not a nation response: liberals (early nationalists/moderates) said india is nation in making Extremists: Tilak , Bipin Chandra Pal ,Aurbindo ghosh. india was nation from beginning nation has spirit, nation is natural. spirit may be dormant look at 'historical processes taking place in india'  to meet the spirit of nationalism of youth, we need bold theory of nationalism	general  spiritualised the concept of nation every nation is reflection of a dimension of universal spirit all humans are part of universal spirit (human unity), thus expressing the civilizational value of india value of Vasudev Kutumbakam aim of every nation to seek its own fulfilment, don't imitate believes in the idea of Geeta one should follow the 'law of once being' (if follow other's duty, leads to suicide) take good from all culture fall of india due to focus on tamas or dark elements british rule was necessary, eliminate tamas and come at original spirit 19th century india is immitative, forgetful, artificial, which leads to death, sterlization
Indian Nationalism	Aim of India as Nation
criticised congress approach to hold session at different places influenced by neo-vedantism for Vivekananda criticism of brahmanism bring original sanatana dharma all are children of one god fundamental unity of the subcontinent is expressed in the way of life      fundamental unity is the basis of indian nationalism nationalism should become the religion of the youth Bankim Chandra Chatterjee influenced his spiritual nationalism mother india as Goddess kali shakti of mother india is challenging british in his words: nation is not a piece of land, nation is not a collection of human beings, nation is not a figure of speech, nation is not the pigment of people's imagination, nation is not a political programme, nation is not intellectual past time: nation is a faith, nation is a religion, nation is divine, nation has a spirit	deliver divine message of spirituality duty of indian towards god god is supporting the rise of india, hence world should support the rise of india
Concept of liberty or Freedom	Concept of Human Unity
supreme value, essential for both individual and nation Craving for freedom is lodged so deep in human heart that even thousands of arguments are powerless to dissapprove it types of freedom liberal-anarchist view: ignores the importance of society, is mechanical puts individual against society socialist concept  completely ignores the individual forces individual to give up freedom idea of freedom individual+society understand freedom through soul freedom is obeying the law of our existence live in harmony with other including environment real freedom is inner freedom real power is spiritual power to grow, to move towards perfection, move towards the perfection of nature freedom is not just fulfilment of metal or physical needs, it is following of divine withing us by following inner freedom, we can create perfect social order rights are following Swadharma later moved to spirituality gave idea of Sacchidanand meaning purpose of life is attainment of happiness which is based on realisation of truth from swaraj for nation to swaraj for individual realisation of god depends upon achieving the state of supermind or chit achieve through Yoga/tapa integral of Yoga= combination of Dharma yoga, gyan yoga, bhakti yoga, hath yoga, raj yoga integral yoga requires Nichaya, tapa and sadhana	aggregation (all together) is law of nature if we don't follow, nature will destroy us idea comes from the civilizational value of Sanatan dharma
Conclusion
idea of human unity more relevant today beyond the capacity of human or single state to deal with challenge alone