Sir Sayyed Ahmed Khan

 

Introduction

1. 1817-1898
2. book- Bagawat-e-hind
3. belonged to elite class, family worked for mughals
4. during this time, muslim community was passing through period of depression
5. concerned about the state of community
6. upliftment of community possible through 'modernisation of islam'
7. magazine= Tehzeeb ul Akhlak
1. renounced outdated practices and customs
8. society for Scientific Research in Gazipur (UP)
1. later on shifted to Aligarh
9. founded journal for promotion of scientific research 'indian institute gazette'
10. criticized by orthodox sections

Originator for Two Nations Theory

1. transition in his ideas
2. phase 1
1. advocate of hindu-muslim unity
2. advised muslims to live in peace with hindus
3. phase 2 
1. changed his views
1. language controversy in Awadh province
2. urdu was court language, hindi had become mass language, so demand for change in official language
3. nor muslims, nor hindu ready
2. he concluded that both can't live together
3. hence called as originator of two nations theory
4. concerned about frustation of muslim community
1. muslims discriminated by british
2. thought muslims were responsible for 1857 revolt
3. they started preferential policies in favour of hindus
4. since british were emerging force in india, no point opposing them
1. british could also provide sources for modernisation of islam
5. Aspab-e-bagawat-e-hind: causes of revolt of 1857 (book)
1. muslims were not responsible for 1857 revolt, rather wrong policies of british
6. article: the loyal mohammedans of india
1. expressed loyalty of muslims towards british
2. advised muslims to be away from INC
1. criticised by hindus as opportunist
7. was successful in getting help of british in setting up Mohammedan Anglo Oriental College in Aligarh which became AMU

Conclusion

1. at par with Rajaram mohan roy in hindus
2. no other muslim leader contributed in upliftment of community in such a way
3. again need of such leader today
1. guide against politization and radicalisation