UPSC CSE Prelims 2024

ENVIRONMENT theme JAN - DEC 2021

Themes of Environment Section Vision Magzine Jan 2021 to December 2021



1). ADAPTATION GAP REPORT 2020 

  • Fifth Adaptation Gap Report,
  • United Nations Environment Programme,
  • UNFCCC,
  • Adaptation Gap,
  • Paris Agreement,
  • Least Developed Countries (LDCs),
  • NATURE-BASED SOLUTIONS (IUCN, Carbon Sequestration,sediment accretion, pollination services, 
  • Human Development Report )


2). NATURAL CAPITAL ACCOUNTING AND VALUATION OF THE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES (NCAVES) 

  • Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation,
  • United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD), 
  • European Union ,
  • UN Environment,
  • Natural Capital Accounting,
  • National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC),
  • “EnviStats India”,
  • UN-SEEA framework,
  • India-EVL Tool,
  • ecosystem assets,
  • ecosystem services,
  • biodiversity,
  • Ecosystem extent account,
  • Ecosystem condition account,
  • Ecosystem services account,
  • Monetary asset account,
  • Thematic accounts,
  • Natural Capital Accounting,
  • GDP, 
  • UNFCCC,
  • Sustainable Development Goals,
  • Paris Agreement,
  • System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA),
  • Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework for the Convention on Biological Diversity,
  • Climate change mitigation,


3). HUMAN-WILDLIFE CONFLICT

  •  Protected Areas,
  • Habitat loss and fragmentation,
  • Schedule 1 species,
  • anthropogenic ecosystems,
  • Standing Committee of National Board of Wildlife (SC-NBWL),
  • section 11 (1) (b) of Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972,
  • Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojna,
  • National Wildlife Action Plan (NWAP-3) (2017-2031),
  • BRT Tiger Reserve ,
  • Kanha National Park,
  • Draft National Forest Policy, 2018,
  • Wildlife Protection Act, 1972,
  • Centre of Excellence (CoE),
  • State Disaster Response Fund,
  • NGT,
  • FAO, 
  • Monoculture Plantations,


4). E-WASTE

  • Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB),
  • "Internet of things",
  • liquid crystal, 
  • lithium, 
  • mercury, 
  • nickel, 
  • polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 
  • selenium, 
  • arsenic, 
  • cadmium, 
  • cobalt, 
  • copper, 
  • lead
  • E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2016,
  • India’s first E-waste clinic (Bhopal),
  • EU,
  • Basel Convention,
  • Digital India


5). SOLAR ROOFTOP (SRT) SYSTEM 

  • Grid Connected Rooftop Solar Programme ,
  • Solar Rooftop (SRT) System,
  • DISCOM,
  • SRT System with storage facility,
  • Grid Connected SRT System,
  • National Solar Mission,
  • Central Financial Assistance,
  • CO2 emission,
  • SRISTI (Sustainable Rooftop Implementation for Solar Transfiguration of India),
  • SPIN web portal,
  • State Rooftop Solar Attractiveness Index–SARAL,
  • MNRE,
  • Geo-tagging,
  • Suryamitra program,
  • World Bank ,
  • Asian Development Bank (ADB),


6). ANTARCTIC OZONE HOLE 

  • World Meteorological Organization,
  • stratosphere,
  • UVB-type rays,
  • North Pole ,
  • South Pole,
  • Ozone depletion,
  • Polar vortex,
  • Southern Hemisphere spring season,
  • northern hemisphere,
  • Antarctica,
  • terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems,
  • biochemical cycles,
  • International Treaties and Cooperation about the Protection of the Stratospheric Ozone Layer,
  • Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer,
  • Montreal Protocol (1987) on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer,
  • Kigali Amendment (2016) to Montreal Protocol ,
  • United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Ozone Secretariat.


7). MARINE HEAT WAVES 

  • marine heat waves (MHWs),
  • Ocean currents,
  • Winds,
  • El Niño,
  • mangrove,
  • bleaching of the Great Barrier Reef,
  • Gulf of Carpentaria,
  • fisheries and aquaculture and ecotourism industries,
  • Rogue animals,


8). NATIONAL MARINE TURTLE ACTION PLAN 2021-26

  •  Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change ,
  • Marine Turtle Action Plan,
  • IOSEA Marine Turtles MOU,
  • Indian Ocean and South-East Asia (IOSEA Marine Turtle MOU) ,
  • Six species of marine turtles,
  • coastal States of the Indian Ocean,
  • sanctuaries,
  • National Marine Turtle Day,
  • coral reefs, 
  • sea grass,
  • meadows,
  • Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972,
  • ‘Important Coastal and Marine Biodiversity Areas’ of India,
  • Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) -1,
  • Important Marine Turtle Habitat in India (Olive Ridley,Leatherback,Hawksbill,
  • Green),
  • Marine Mega Fauna Stranding Guidelines,


9). JAL  JEEVAN  MISSION  URBAN

  •  Ministry  of  Housing  and  Urban  Affairs ,
  • Har  Ghar  Nal Se  Jal,
  • Pey  Jal  Survekshan and survey,


10). HEAVY  METAL  WATER  POLLUTION

  • Heavy  Metal  Water  Pollution ,
  • Lead,  
  • cadmium,  
  • nickel,  
  • chromium,  
  • copper contamination ,
  • Beryllium,
  • Fluorides,
  • Nitrates,
  • Mercury,
  • Arsenic,
  • Cadmium,
  • Barium,
  • Blue baby syndrome (methemoglobinemia),
  • Minamata  disease,
  • Black  foot  disease,
  • ItaiItai,


11). NANDA DEVI GLACIER 

  • Alaknanda river system,
  • Dhauli Ganga, Rishi Ganga, Alaknanda rivers,
  • subglacial lakes,
  • Nanda Devi peak,
  • Nanda Devi Group of Glaciers refers to the cluster of glaciers namely Bethartoli, Kururntoli, Nanda Devi North, Nanda Devi South, Nandakna, Raunth Bank, Dakshini Rishi Bank, Trishul,
  • upper Rishi Ganga catchment,
  • Garhwal Himalayas,
  • Goriganga valley,
  • Rishiganga valley,
  • Nanda Devi Sanctuary,
  • land use and land cover change (LULCC), 
  • habitat fragmentation, 
  • Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region,
  • International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD),
  • Valley of Flowers National Parks,
  • World Heritage site,
  • mountain ranges of the Zanskar and Great Himalaya,
  • Biosphere Reserve (reserve forests, evam soyam (civil) forests, panchayat (community) forests, agricultural land, grassy slopes, alpine meadows (bugiyals),snow-covered areas),
  • Several important mammal species(snow leopard, Himalayan black bear , brown bear, musk deer and bharal/blue sheep),
  • Ethnic group  Indo-Mongoloid (Bhotia) and Indo-Aryan.,


12). INDIA ENERGY OUTLOOK 2021 

  • International Energy Agency (IEA),
  • World Energy Outlook, 
  • Oil Market Reports,
  • Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC),
  • Coal,


13). GEOTHERMAL ENERGY 

  • India’s first-ever geothermal field development project in Leh,
  • Geothermal Energy,
  • Dry steam plants,
  • Flash steam plants,
  • Binary cycle plants ,
  • seven geothermal provinces,
  • Geological Survey of India),
  • Draft Indian geothermal energy development framework,
  • Draft National Policy on Geo-Thermal Energy


14). ATLANTIC MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION (AMOC)

  •  Gulf Stream,
  • Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation,
  • east coast of North America,
  • west coast of Europe,
  • Indian ocean.


15). JALSHAKTI ABHIYAN:CATCH THE RAIN CAMPAIGN

  • National Water Mission,
  • Rainwater Harvesting Structures (RWHS),
  • Rooftop Rainwater harvesting,
  • Surface run-off rainwater harvesting,
  • Recharge pits,
  • Gully Plugs,
  • Contours,
  • Rain Centers


16). NATIONAL RIVER LINKING PROJECT(NRLP)

  • World Water Day (22 March),
  • Ken-Betwa Link Project,
  • National River Linking Project (NRLP),
  • National Water Development Agency,
  • Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY),
  • Panna Tiger Reserve,


17). FLOOD MANAGEMENT

  • Central water commission,
  • National Disaster Management Act, 2005,
  • entry 17 of List II (State List), subject to Entry 56 of List I (Union List),
  • Drainage and Embankments,
  • National water policy 2012 ,
  • NDMA, 
  • NITI Aayog,
  • Extension of Flood Management and Border Area Programme,
  • Yongning river park in Taizhau, China,
  • Buoyant buildings or “Amphibian houses”,
  • Flood Management and Border Areas Programme (FMBAP)


18). CLIMATE-RESILIENT GRAINS

  • United Nations General Assembly,
  • International Year of Millets,
  • Food and Agriculture Organization,
  • Major Millets and Minor Millets,
  • coarse grains,
  • Initiative for Nutritional Security through Intensive Millet Promotion (INSIMP),
  • Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana,
  • Integrated Cereals Development Programmes,
  • Public Distribution System (PDS) ,
  • mid-day meal scheme,
  • minimum support price (MSP),
  • NITI Aayog,
  • integrated child development scheme,


19). SEEA ECOSYSTEM ACCOUNTING(SEEAEA)

  • System of Environmental Economic Accounting (SEEA) EA,
  • United Nations Statistical Commission,
  • Natural Capital,
  • Natural capital accounting,
  • United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD),
  • United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP),
  • Secretariat of the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD),
  • European Union,
  • National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC),
  • Nepal Shivapuri-Nagarjun National Park


20). SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS

  • first ever UN Food Systems Summit,
  • first National Dialogue on agri-food systems (at Delhi),
  • FAO-UNEP Sustainable Food Systems Programme (SFSP),
  • Food and Land Use Coalition (FOLU),
  • United Nations General Assembly,
  • sustainable food system,
  • Green House Gas Emissions from agriculture,
  • National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA),
  • Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayi Yojana (PMKSY),
  • Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana,
  • Turbo Happy Seeder (THS) machine,


21). THE SECOND WORLD OCEAN ASSESSMENT

  • Second World Ocean Assessment,
  • UN, 
  • UNGA, 
  • oxygen-depleted zones,
  • changes to pH (acidification) and aragonite saturation,
  • Blue Nature alliance,
  • Fiji’s Lau Seascape, Antarctica’s Southern Ocean and the Tristan da Cunha island group,
  • 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,


22). MARINE LITTER

  • marine plastic litter,
  • ‘GloLitter Partnerships Project’,
  • International Maritime Organization (IMO) ,
  • the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 
  • IUCN,
  • North Pacific Gyre(Great Pacific Garbage Patch),
  • London Convention/Protocol (1972 Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping Wastes and Other Matter),
  • (Rio+20),
  • MARPOL,
  • Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities,


23). THE NAGOYA PROTOCOL ON ACCESS AND BENEFIT-SHARING(ABS)

  • national focal points (NFPs) ,
  • competent national authorities (CNAs),
  • UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD),
  • Conference of the Parties (COP),
  • Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical, and Technological Advice (SBSTTA),
  • Secretariat of the CBD (SCBD),
  • Global Biodiversity Outlook (GBO),


24). NATIONAL CLIMATE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT REPORT

  • Department of Science and Technology (DST),
  • report titled ‘Climate Vulnerability Assessment for Adaptation Planning in India Using a Common Framework’,
  • National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC),
  • National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem (NMSHE),
  • National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change (NMSKCC),
  • Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,
  • World Meteorological Organization (WMO),
  • United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP),
  • Global Climate risk Index,
  • Germany-based think tank Germanwatch,
  • NAPCC,
  • Climate risk index.


25). STATE OF THE GLOBAL CLIMATE 2020

  • World Meteorological Organization,
  • report ‘State of the Global Climate, 2020’,
  • Greenhouse Gases,


26). NEW EMISSION NORMS FOR COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS

  • oxides of nitrogen (NOx), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and particulate matter (PM),
  • Centre for Science and Environment (CSE),
  • Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD),
  • Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB),
  • Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974,
  • Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981,
  • Environment (Protection) Act, 1986,


27). GLOBAL ENERGY REVIEW 2021

  • International Energy Agency (IEA),
  • OECD, 
  • Co-ordinated Emergency Response Measures (CERM),


28). INDIAN RHINO VISION 2020

  • Indian Rhino Vision 2020 (IRV 2020),
  • Manas National Park,
  • Kaziranga national park, Pobitora national park, 
  • Orang national park, 
  • Laokhowa wildlife sanctuary, 
  • Burachapori wildlife sanctuary ,
  • Dibru Saikhowa wildlife sanctuary,
  • Worldwide Fund for Nature India (WWF-India), 
  • Bodoland Territorial Council, 
  • IUCN,
  • World Rhino Day,
  • Sukla-Phanta (Nepal), Valmiki Tiger Reserve (India) and Chitwan National Park (Nepal),
  •  Dudhwa (India),


29). EARTHQUAKE MANAGEMENT

  • earthquake,
  • elastic (seismic) waves,
  • Earthquake Disaster Risk index (EDRI) report (2019),
  • Earthquake Measurements: Magnitude vs Intensity,
  • Mercalli Scale,
  • NDMA,
  • National Programme on Earthquake Engineering Education (NPEEE),
  • National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) guidelines,
  • NDRF (National Disaster Response Force),
  • United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR),


30). CLOUDBURSTS

IMD, 

south west monsoon season,

NDMA, 

orographic lift,

Copenhagen climate adaptation plan


31). CLIMATE-SMART PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS

World  Bank,

Paris  climate  agreement,

Climate-Smart  PPPs  (Public  Private  Partnership),

low  carbon economy,

National  Action  Plan  on  Climate  Change  (NAPCC),


32). PROTECTED PLANET REPORT 2020

UN  Environment  World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 

the International  Union  for Conservation  of  Nature (IUCN),

Protected  and conserved areas,

Aichi  Biodiversity  Targets,


33). GLOBAL METHANE ASSESSMENT

“Global Methane Assessment:  Benefits  and Costs of Mitigating Methane  Emissions”  ,

United Nations Environment Programme  in  association with  the  Climate  and  Clean Air  Coalition,

 shortlived  climate  pollutant (SLCP),

Methane,

Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC),

Stockholm Conference, 1972,

umbrella of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,

CITES, 

Global Environment Outlook (GEO) Report 

Adaptation Gap Report ,

Triple Emergency  ,

Cooling Emissions And Policy Synthesis Report (published by UNEP in association with Cooling Emissions And Policy Synthesis Report),

Rotterdam convention


34). NEW FLY ASH UTILIZATION RULES FOR COAL AND LIGNITE BASED THERMAL POWERPLANTS

ASHTRACK (a mobile app),

Dry Fly Ash Disposal system ,

Wet Fly Ash Disposal System,

National Mission on use of Biomass in coal based thermal power plants,


35). SNOW LEOPARD.

Snow leopard(scientific name Panthera Uncia),

Tiger (Panthera Tigris),

Vulnerable Species,

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species,

Schedule  I  of  the  Indian  Wildlife  (Protection) Act,  1972,

Hemis-Spiti,

Nanda  Devi-Gangotri,

Khangchendzonga-Tawang,

National  Snow Leopard  Population  Assessment,

Himal  Sanrakshak,

Global  Snow  Leopard  and  Ecosystem  Protection  Programme  (GSLEP),

‘Save  our  Snow  Leopard  (SOS)’


36). USED COOKING OIL BASED BIODIESEL

carbon  neutral,

Food  Safety  and  Standards  Authority  of  India  (FSSAI),

‘Repurpose  Used  Cooking  Oil  (RUCO)  project’,

RUCO  sticker


37). TROPICAL CYCLONES IN INDIA

Indian Meteorological Department ,

meteorological centres (RSMCs) ,

Tropical Cyclone Warning Centres (TCWCs),

National Cyclone Risk Management Project,

Coastal Regulation Zones (CRZ), 

Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)


38). GROSS ENVIRONMENT PRODUCT

World Environment Day,

Gross Environment Product (GEP),

Green GDP,

Payments for Ecosystem Services’ (PES),

‘Compensation for ecosystem services’ (CES),

System of Environmental and Economic Accounts (SEEA),

Happy Planet Index (HPI),

Gross National Happiness


39). ETHANOL BLENDING IN INDIA

Roadmap for Ethanol Blending in India by 2025,

ethanol blending,

Department of Food and Public Distribution (DFPD),

Food Corporation of India (FCI),

PM-JIVAN (Jaiv Indhan- Vatavaran Anukool fasal awashesh Nivaran) Yojana,

Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA),

'flex-fuel' vehicles,

Industries (Development & Regulation) Act, 1951,


40). GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN 

atlas of glacial lakes,

Ganga River basin,

National Hydrology Project (NHP),

National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), 

ISRO,

Moraine-dammed,

Ice-dammed,

Glacier Erosion,


41). ORGANIC FARMING

Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY),

Large Area Certification (LAC)Scheme of the PGS-India (Participatory Guarantee System),

Food and Agriculture Organisation,

World's Organic Agricultural land,

Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY),

National Mission of Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA),

Mission Organic Value Chain Development for North East Region (MOVCD),

Soil Health Card,

Agri-export Policy 2018,

Zero Budget Natural Farming,

FSSAI’s Jaivik Bharat logo,


42). DROUGHTS IN INDIA 

Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction (GAR) by UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR),

Meteorological drought, 

Hydrological drought,

Agricultural drought,

Flash Drought,

Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) ,

 Urban Local Bodies,

National Executive Committee (NEC),

Disaster Risk Management,


43). CLIMATE FINANCE 

Report ‘The State of Cities Climate Finance’,

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), 

the Kyoto Protocol ,

Paris Agreement,

World Bank,

Climate Finance,

Cities Climate Finance Leadership Alliance,

Green Climate Fund (GCF),

Global Environment Facility (GEF),

Adaptation Fund (AF),

UN- Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD),

Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC),

Clean Technology Fund (CTF),

Climate Investment Funds (CIFs),

Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF),

Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF),

Climate  Change  Fund  of  Asian  Development  Bank  (ADB),

Forest  Carbon  Partnership  Facility  (FCPF),

National  Adaptation  Fund  for Climate  Change  (NAFCC),

Warsaw  International  Mechanism  (WIM),

Multilateral development banks (MDBs),

development finance institutions (DFIs)


44). AIR POLLUTION IN DELHI AND NCR

Commission for Air Quality Management in the National Capital Region and Adjoining Areas Bill, 2021,

CPCB,

National Green Tribunal (NGT),

National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI),

NCAP, 

GRAP


45). NATIONAL DOLPHIN RESEARCH CENTRE (NDRC) 

India's and Asia's first National Dolphin Research Centre (NDRC) is coming up in the premises of Patna University, Bihar,

Project Dolphin,

India’s national aquatic animal,

Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972,

CITES ,

IUCN Red list,

Ganga -Brahmaputra - Meghna and Karnaphuli-Sangu river systems of India,

Karnali, and the Sapta Kosi Rivers in Nepal,

‘Souns/Susu/Sushuk/Seho’,

National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG)


46). IPCC’S SIXTH ASSESSMENT REPORT

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,

UNEP, 

WMO, 

greenhouse gas,

both hemispheres,

heatwaves, 

heavy precipitation, 

droughts, tropical cyclones,

Extreme Total Water Level,


47). LAND DEGRADATION 

Indian Space Research Organization,

Land degradation,

biological productivity, ecological integrity,

dryland regions,

wind and water erosion, 

water logging, 

salinity / alkalinity, 

mass movement, 

frost heaving ,frost shattering,

mining/quarrying, livestock grazing, brick kiln, industrial effluents, pollution,

Desertification  and  Land  Degradation  Atlas of india, 

United  Nations  Convention  to  Combat  Desertification  (UNCCD),

Land  Degradation  Neutrality  (LDN)  Target  Setting  Programme,

Global  Land  Outlook  (GLO),

Changwon  Initiative,

Bonn  Challenge,

REDD+,

Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY), 

Soil Health Card Scheme, 

Soil Health Management Scheme, 

Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojna (PKSY), 

Per Drop More Crop,

Joint Forest Management (JFM),

National Mission for a Green India,

Forest Fire Prevention & Management Scheme (FFPM),

National Afforestation Programme (NAP) scheme,

Forest Fire Prevention & Management Scheme (FFPM),

Great Green Wall initiative,

Sustainable forest management (SFM),


48). KIGALI AMENDMENT TO MONTREAL PROTOCOL 

ratification to the Kigali Amendment of the Montreal Protocol,

Ozone layer,

Ozone (O3) layer,

stratosphere,

Southern Hemisphere spring,

Vienna Convention on Protection of Ozone Layer,

Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer,

National Ozone Unit (NOU),

Hydrofluorocarbons,

Kigali Agreement,


49). SINGLE USE PLASTICS

Plastic Waste Management Amendment Rules, 2021,

Plastic Waste Management (PWM) Amendment Rules, 2021,

Plastic Waste Management Rule, 2016 ,

Extended Producer Responsibility,

Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB),

Single Use Plastics (SUP),

India Plastic Pact,

Un-Plastic Collective (UPC),

GloLitter Partnerships Project,

 International Maritime Organization.


50). BIOMEDICAL WASTE 

Report , “State of India's Environment 2021,”

Biomedical Waste,

Basel Convention on Hazardous Waste,

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs),

Minamata Convention on Mercury,

Blue book,

NGT, 

CPCB,

Biomedical Waste Management (BMWM) rules in India,

Environment (Protection) Act, 1986),


51). LEADED PETROL: PHASED OUT GLOBALLY 

Octane Rating,

Cetane number,

UNEP,

Tetraethyl lead antiknock properties,

Partnership for Clean Fuels and Vehicles (PCFV) initiative


52). DAM SAFETY

World Bank,

Dam Rehabilitation and Improvement Project,

National Register of Large Dam (NRLD),

Cauvery River,

Mahanadi River,

Hirakud Dam,

Central Water Commission,

Asian  Infrastructure Investment Bank,

Dam Safety Organizations,

DHARMA (Dam Health and Rehabilitation Monitoring),

Seismic Hazard Assessment Information System (SHAISYS),

Dam safety Act, 2019,

National Committee on Dam Safety,

National Dam Safety Authority


53). ATLANTIC MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION (AMOC)

Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,

AMOC, 

Thermohaline circulation,

Gulf of Mexico (red line),

 “Gulf Stream”,

“North Atlantic Current”,

temperature (thermo),

salinity (haline),

Global Ocean Conveyor or Great Ocean Conveyor Belt,

Difference between Surface Ocean Currents and THC,

nine “tipping points”,

hysteresis,

ENSO [El Niño–Southern Oscillation] characteristics, 

ITCZ [Intertropical Convergence Zone],

Iceland-Scotland Ridge),


54). PROTECTING  THE  ANTARCTIC  ENVIRONMENT

Marine Protected Areas,

Commission  for  the Conservation  of  Antarctic  Marine  Living  Resour (CCAMLR),

illegal  unreported  and  unregulated  fishing (IUUF),

Antarctic Treaty  1959,

manage  Antarct Antarctic marine ecosystem,

International  Geophysical  Year,

Madrid Protocol,

COMNAP,

SCAR,

CCAMLR,

Indian Antarctica Bill, 2021,

UNCLOS,


55). CLIMATE ACTION PLAN FOR COASTAL CITIES

Mumbai Climate Action Plan (MCAP),

GHG emission,

IMD, 

State Action Plans on Climate Change (SAPCC),

National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC),

National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management (NCSCM),

National Coastal Mission (NCM),

Integrated Coastal Zone Management,

climate information services,

CRZ,


56). AIR POLLUTION MEASUREMENT

WHO,

air  quality guidelines 

(AQG),

Central  Pollution  Control  Board  (CPCB),

National  Ambient Air  Quality  Monitoring (NAAQM)  programme,

National Air Quality Monitoring  Programme  (NAMP),

National  Environmental  Engineering  Research  Institute  (NEERI), 

Air  quality  standards,

(carbon  monoxide  (CO)  nitrogen  dioxide  (NO2),  sulphur  dioxide  (SO2),  

particulate  matter (PM)  of  less  than  2.5  microns  size  (PM2.5),  

PM  of  less  than 10  microns  size  (PM10),  

Ozone  (O3),  Lead  (Pb),  Ammonia (NH3),  Benzo(a)Pyrene  (BaP), 

Benzene  (C6H6), 

Arsenic  (As), 

Nickel (Ni),

Shoonya  campaign,

NITI Aayog,

Barium  (imparts  green  colour),  lithium  (red),  

arsenic,

antimony(for glitters),

lead  or mercury  ,

Strontium  Chromate,


57). CIRCULAR  PLASTIC  ECONOMY

plastics  pact,

WWF  India,

Confederation  of  Indian  Industry (CII), 

WRAP ( Worldwide  Responsible  Accredited 

Production),

Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016,

Plastic Waste Management (Amendment) Rules 2018,

Plastic Waste Management Amendment Rules, 2021,

India Plastic Challenge – Hackathon 2021,

Bureau of Indian Standards,


58). RENEWABLE ENERGY CERTIFICATE (REC)  

Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) Mechanism,

State electricity regulatory commission),

Solar RECs,

Non-solar RECs,

Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC),

National Load Despatch Centre (NLDC),

Renewable Energy Management centres,

Day Ahed Market (DAM), 

Term Ahead Market (TAM), Green Term Ahead Market (GTAM), 

Real Time Market (RTM),


59). METHANOL ECONOMY 

High Ash Coal Gasification Based Methanol Production Plant,

gasoline,

Methanol,

Di-methyl ether,

India’s commitment to COP 21,

M-15 blend,

Asia’s first canister-based methanol cooking fuel programme


60). POSSIBLY EXTINCT SPECIES

IUCN Red list

possibly extinct,


Green peafowl, Cheetah, Hairy-nosed Otter, Banteng, a bovid found today in southeast Asia, the Sumatran and Javan rhino and the Osteobrama Belangeri, a fish 


Tentacled butterfly ray; Dwarf sawfish; Fire coral; Coconut crab (the largest terrestrial arthropod in the world),


Birds: Pink-headed duck, Siberian crane, Buffy fish-owl or Malay owl. 


green status" -- the first global standard,

Komodo dragon,

Albacore Tuna and Yellowfin Tuna,

Yeracud Day Gecko,

Satara Gecko,

Yellow Monitor,


61). SHUNYA  LABELLING  FOR  NET ZERO  ENERGY  BUILDINGS  (NZEB),

Shunya  programme  for  NZEB, 

Net Positive  Energy  Buildings (NPEB),

Energy  Performance  Index  (EPI),

Shunya  Label,

Shunya+ Label,


62). INDIA-EU CLEAN ENERGY AND CLIMATE PARTNERSHIP

India-EU Energy Panel meet,

2016 India-EU Clean Energy and Climate Partnership,

energy efficiency, 

renewable energy, 

green hydrogen, 

grid integration, 

sustainable financing,


63). GOVERNMENT ISSUES ADVISORY TO CARMAKERS TO INTRODUCE FLEX-FUEL ENGINES IN VEHICLES 

Flex-fuel, or flexible fuel,


64). AGRICULTURAL PHOTOVOLTAIC (AGRI-PV) 

Agri voltaic system (AVS)


65). MINISTRY OF COAL HAS SET UP MISSION COKING COAL (MCC)

Domestic coking coal


66). CANARY BLACK BEE

volcanic ash,

Canary Islands,

propolis


67). BOESENBERGIA ALBOLUTEA & BOESENBERGIA RUBROLUTEA

These two species of plants are now Extinct in the Wild (EW) under IUCN,

Boesenbergiarubrolutea was endemic to Khasi Hill- Meghalaya while Boesenbergiaalbolutea was endemic to Andaman Island.,

Classified under the genus Boesenbergia, the species belong to the family Zingiberaceae, the ginger family of flowering plants


68). UNDP PLANS TO DRASTICALLY EXPAND PLASTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT (PWM) IN INDIA 

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP),

PWM, 

 “Utthaan”,


69). ELECTRICITY CAPACITY FROM NON-FOSSIL FUEL

non-fossil fuel,


70). GLOBAL METHANE INITIATIVE (GMI)

anthropogenic methane emission,

UNFCCC COP26 (Glasgow),


71). HAIDERPUR WETLAND 

Ramsar Convention,

Hastinapur Wildlife Sanctuary,

Solani and Ganga rivers


72). NEARLY 49K RURAL HABITATIONS AFFECTED WITH WATER CONTAMINATION, SAYS PARLIAMENTARY PANEL REPORT

Jal Jeevan Mission,

Arsenic, 

Fluoride, 

Iron, 

Nitrate, Heavy Metals,

high Salinity


73). NAIROBI DECLARATION 

Sendai Framework


74). PROTECTION OF PLANT VARIETIES AND FARMERS’ RIGHTS ACT 

Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Authority (PPV&FRA),

Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights (PPV&FR) Act,

Article 27(3) (b) of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS),

world’s only IPR legislation,

International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV), 1978,

Plant Varieties Protection Appellate Tribunal (PVPAT),

Section 39(1) of the Act,

Section 39 (2) of the Act,


75). DAM SAFETY ACT, 2019 

Tigra dam (Madhya Pradesh),

Machu dam (Gujarat),

Annamayya dam (Andhra Pradesh),

Central Water Commission (CWC),

DHARMA (Dam Health and Rehabilitation Monitoring),

Seismic hazard analysis information system (SHAISYS),

Dam Safety assurance and Rehabilitation Project,

World Bank,

Article 252 of the constitution, 

Types of dams, 

National Committee on Dam Safety (NCDS),

National Dam Safety Authority (NDSA),

State Dam Safety Organizations (SDSO),

State Committees on Dam Safety (SCDS),


76). DEVELOPMENT INDUCED DISPLACEMENT 

Polavaram irrigation project,

Godavari River,

Development Induced Displacement (DID),

scheduled areas,

downward mobility”,

National Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy (2007),

National Policy on Resettlement and Rehabilitation for Project Affected Families, 2003,

Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013,


77). WILD LIFE (PROTECTION) AMENDMENT BILL, 2021

Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 (WPA),

National Board for Wildlife,

National Tiger Conservation Authority  ,

Central Zoo Authority,

Species listed in Schedule I and Part II of Schedule II,

Species listed in Part I of Schedule II, Schedule III, and Schedule IV,

National Parks, 

Wildlife Sanctuaries, Community Reserves , Conservation Reserves,

CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora),

Wild  Life (Protection)  Amendment  Bill,  2021,

Scheduled  Tribes  and  Other  Traditional Forest  Dwellers  (Recognition  of  Forest  Rights)  Act,  2006,

Gram  Sabha,


78). BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY (AMENDMENT) BILL, 2021.

 Biological Diversity (Amendment) Bill, 2021,

joint parliamentary committee (JPC),

Biological Diversity Act, 2002 ,

Convention of Biological Diversity and Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing,

Biodiversity Management Committees (BMC),

AYUSH,

intellectual property rights (IPR),

Panchayati Raj,

Uttarakhand Biodiversity Board,


79). EARTH’S  FIRST  CONTINENTS FORMATION

cratons,

Jharkhand’s  Singhbhum region, 

magma


80). E-AMRIT PORTAL 

 E-Amrit’, a web portal on electric vehicles (EVs),

COP26 Summit in Glasgow, UK,

NITI aayog, 

UK India  Joint  Roadmap 2030


81). RIVER CITIES ALLIANCE (RCA) 

Ganga basin


82). PAKKE TIGER RESERVE 2047 DECLARATION 

Kaiser-i-Hind as the State butterfly,

Arunachal Pradesh


83). FLASH  DROUGHT

El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO),

Oscillation of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ),

Anticyclones,

Indian Meteorological Department (IMD),

Meteorological Drought,

Hydrological Drought,

Agricultural Drought,

Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare,

UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR),

‘multiplier effect’,

ISRO,

Drought Monitoring Centres,


84). NATIONAL COAL GASIFICATION MISSION

Coal gasification,

CoP-21 Paris Agreement commitments,


85). NATIONAL INTERLINKING OF RIVERS AUTHORITY (NIRA) 

NIRA, 

National Water Development Agency (NWDA),

Ganga and the Cauvery rivers,

National Perspective Plan (NPP),


86). CLYDEBANK DECLARATION FOR GREEN SHIPPING CORRIDORS 

 'Clydebank Declaration for Green Shipping Corridors',

green corridor,

IMO, 

MARPOL,


87). AIR POLLUTION IN NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION

Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP),

National Clean Air Programme (NCAP),

Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM),


88). COP 26 

26th Conference of the Parties (COP) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Glasgow, hosted by the UK, 

Kyoto Protocol,

Paris Agreement,

NDCs,

UN’s Adaptation Fund,

Sharm el-Sheikh Work Programme on the Global Goal on Adaptation,

Glasgow Climate Pact (GCP),

Santiago network, a website,

Global greenhouse gas emissions,

Warsaw International Mechanism (WIM),

Resilience Index Initiative (GRII),

Energy and Resources Institute (TERI),

Glasgow Financial Alliance for Net Zero (GFANZ),

Insurance Development Forum (IDF),

‘net Zero’,

Net-Zero Banking Alliance (NZBA),

Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI),


89). BANNI  BUFFALO

India’s  First  Banni  Buffalo  in  vitro fertilization (IVF) Calf,

Gujarat,

Kachchh  region,

Maldhari community


90). ALLIUM  NEGIANUM

new  species  of  Allium,

domestic  cultivation,

western Himalayas


91). TERRESTRIAL WATERS

Report ‘2021 State of Climate Services’ released by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO),

terrestrial water storage (TWS),

Antarctica and Greenland,

‘topmost hotspot of TWS losses’

‘absolute water scarce’ ,

‘water scarce’,

‘water stressed’,

Small Island Developing States (SIDS)  ,

Least Developed Countries (LDCs),


92). MINISTRY OF POWER (MOP) NOTIFIES RULES FOR THE SUSTAINABILITY OF THE ELECTRICITY SECTOR AND PROMOTION OF CLEAN ENERGY 

Electricity Act, 2003,

Renewable energy,

power purchase agreements (PPAs),


93). MINISTRY OF POWER MANDATES ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION COMPANIES (DISCOMS) TO UNDERTAKE ENERGY ACCOUNTING (EA)

Paris Agreement Goals,

DISCOMS,

Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE),

Energy Conservation (EC) Act, 2001,

Quarterly energy accounting,

Annual energy audit


94). MINISTRY OF POWER LAUNCHED GREEN DAY AHEAD MARKET (GDAM) PORTAL 

GDAM portal,

Renewable Energy,

Power Purchase Agreement (PPA),

Power Exchange India (PXIL),

Indian Energy Exchange (IEX),

Real-Time Electricity Market (RTM) platform,

Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC),

South Asian regional power market.


95). NITI AAYOG LAUNCHES GEOSPATIAL ENERGY MAP OF INDIA


NITI Aayog , 

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO),

Geographic Information System (GIS) Energy Map of India,

Draft National Geospatial Policy, 2021,


96). ZERO WASTE CITIES CHALLENGE 

“WasteAid”,

Zero Waste Cities Challenge


97). GREEN GRIDS INITIATIVE-ONE SUN ONE WORLD ONE GRID (GGI-OSOWOG) NORTHWEST EUROPE COOPERATIVE EVENT

 International Solar Alliance (ISA), 

World Bank, 

World Bank’s technical assistance programme,

OSOWOG mantra “the Sun never sets”,


98). UNEP PUBLISHES SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT OF PLASTIC POLLUTION

 Publication titled, ‘From Pollution to Solution,


99). WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION (WMO) RELEASED GREENHOUSE GAS BULLETIN 

Concentration of carbon dioxide,

Methane (CH4) ,

 nitrous oxide (N2O),

WMO’s Global Atmosphere Watch network.  

UPSC Prelims Simplified:

100). CLIMATE RESILIENCE INFORMATION SYSTEM AND PLANNING (CRISP-M) TOOL

 Minister of Rural Development &Panchayati Raj ,

CRISP-M tool,

Geographic Information System (GIS)based watershed planning ,

National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA),


101). INFRASTRUCTURE FOR RESILIENT ISLAND STATES (IRIS) 

Small Island Developing States (SIDS),

new grouping of IRIS ,

Conference of Parties (COP26),


102). NOTIFICATION OF MASS EMISSION STANDARDS FOR E12 AND E15 FUELS BY MINISTRY OF ROAD TRANSPORT AND HIGHWAYS 

mass emission standards for 

E 12 and E15,

 Central Motor Vehicles (Twenty Fifth Amendment) Rules, 2021,

India’s Ethanol Blending Program,

Mono-fuel vehicle,

Bi-fuel vehicle,

Flex fuel vehicles (FFVs)


102). MINISTER OF ENVIRONMENT ISSUED DRAFT NOTIFICATION FOR REGULATION OF THE EXTENDED PRODUCER RESPONSIBILITY (EPR)

Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, 

Rigid plastic packaging,

Flexible plastic packaging,

Multilayered plastic packaging,

Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB).


103). FINANCE FOR BIODIVERSITY INITIATIVE

 report by Finance for Biodiversity (F4B),

G20 countries,


104). URBAN  FIRE  RISK

National Crime Record Bureau (NCRB),

Twelfth Schedule (Article 243W),

Bureau of Indian Standards,

Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA),

Fire Prevention and Life Safety Fund”,

Standing Fire Advisory Council,

NBC norms under Part-IV (Fire and Life Safety)


105). INTERNATIONAL SOLAR ALLIANCE

UN General Assembly,

International solar Alliance (ISA),

Paris Climate Change Conference,

ISA  Framework  Agreement,

United  Nations  Framework  Conventions  on  Climate  Change,

Green  Grids  Initiative-One  Sun,  One  World,  One  Grid  (OSOWOG),

Global  Energy  Alliance  for  People  and  Planet  (GEAPP)


106). CORAL REEF 

report ‘Sixth status of the Corals of the World’ by Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (GCRMN),

Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (GCRMN),

Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, in the Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, the Red Sea, and the Persian Gulf.

Gulf of Kutch ,

Gulf of Mannar ,

Andaman & Nicobar o Lakshadweep Islands and Malvan 

marine invertebrates,

Soft Corals,

polyp,

zooxanthellae,

‘the rainforests of the sea’,

Ocean Acidification,

Coral Bleaching,

Sustainable Development Goals under the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,

‘blast fishing’ ,


107). WORLD HERITAGE FORESTS: CARBON SINKS UNDER PRESSURE

 UNESCO, 

World Resources Institute (WRI) ,

International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN),

first global scientific assessment of greenhouse gas emissions and sequestration by forests,

UNESCO World Heritage forests (WHF), 

World Heritage Forest carbon,

UNESCO,

World Cultural and Natural Heritage,


108). WASTE TO WEALTH 

Waste to Wealth portal,

Swachh Bharat Unnat Bharat Abhiyan,

(Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016),

circular economy,

Urban Local Bodies,


109). STUBBLE BURNING 

Commission for Air Quality Management ,

Air Quality Index (AQI),

SAFAR-AQI, System of Air Quality,

National Policy for Management of Crop Residues (2014),

PUSA-44,

National Green Tribunal (NGT),

Section 188 of the IPC,

Air and Pollution Control Act of 1981,

Bio-Decomposer technology,

Kheti Khaali, Fir Bhi Khushali,

Punjab Preservation of Subsoil Water Act, 2009,

Rice Bioparks ,

Polluter Pays principle,

do-ecology approach,

machines and custom hiring centres,


110). WATER COMMODIFICATION

UN, 

UNGA, 

Nasdaq Veles California Water Index (NQH2O),

Dublin Statement on Water and Sustainable Development, 1992,

International Conference on Water and the Environment ,

“Earth Summit”,

United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED,Dublin Statement on Water and Sustainable Development of 1992,

right to water as a fundamental right,

Article 21


111). DRAFT NATIONAL WATER POLICY 

 “Nature-based solutions”,

National Water Commission (NWC),

Deploy Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system,


112). AMENDMENTS IN FOREST CONSERVATION ACT

Definition of Forest: T N Godavarman case,

Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC),

Forest Conservation Act, 1980,

Compensatory Afforestation,

CAMPA,

"non-forestry activity",

Gram Sabha and affect the legal rights of Scheduled Tribes (STs) and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (OTFDs),


113) RIGHT TO BURN FOSSIL FUELS 

CO2 per capita,

developing countries,


114). INDIA AND CLIMATE AGENDA 

India’s climate change action plan (panchamrita),

26th United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change’s Conference of Parties (COP26),

INDC, 


Schemes/policies to combat Climate Change 

National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC),

Climate Change Action Program (CCAP),

National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP), 2020,

Adoption of the BS-VI norms,

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA),

Solar cities, 

Ultra mega solar parks, 

National Biofuel Policy, 

National Offshore Wind Energy Policy, Renewable Purchase Obligation,

Ujjwala, 

UJALA, 

AMRUT, 

Swachh Bharat Mission, 

Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA),

HySIS Megha-Tropiques SARAL mission, 

Oceansat3-Argos mission,

International Solar Alliances (ISA) ,

Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI),

Polluter Pay Principle, 

Perform Achieve and Trade (PAT) scheme, 

Carbon tax, 

Energy Saving Certificates (ESCerts),


Production gap report 2021 released by United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) 

G20 countries.


115). 15TH COP TO THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY

Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) (Kunming, China),

“Global Biodiversity Framework”,

Strategic Plan for Biodiversity (SPB) 2011-2020,

Aichi Biodiversity Targets,

Kunming Declaration,

SPB 2011-2020,

Kunming Biodiversity Fund,

UNDP, 

UNEP, 

Digital sequence information,

Fifth Global Biodiversity Outlook (GBO-5) report,

Cartgena protocol on biosafety,

Nagoya protocol, 

High Ambition Coalition for Nature and People,

BRICS


116). Miscellaneous 

India’s  first  conservation  reserve for  Dugongs  in  Palk Bay,

also  known  as Sea  Cow,

herbivorous  marine  mammal,

family Dugongidae,

Order  Sirenia

Schedule  I  of  the  Wild  Life  (Protection)  Act,  1972,

Appendix  I  on  CITES,

UNEP,

Conservation of Migratory Species,

Dugong and Sea Grass conservation project,

Indo-Pacific Region



UNESCO DECLARES WORLD’S FIRST 5-COUNTRY BIOSPHERE RESERVE IN “AMAZON OF EUROPE”

 Man and Biosphere (MAB) programme,

UNESCO,

World Network of Biosphere Reserves,

12 UNESCO designated Biosphere reserves in India



HYBODONT SHARKS

Hybodont

Rajasthan's Jaisalmer,


PRIME MINISTER (PM) DEDICATES TO THE NATION 35 CROP VARIETIES WITH SPECIAL TRAITS 

Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR),

Climate resistant crops,

‘very high-risk’ districts,

Anti-nutritional factors (ANF),

National Institute of Biotic Stress Management,



THE ATLAS OF MORTALITY AND ECONOMIC LOSSES FROM WEATHER, CLIMATE AND WATER EXTREMES (1970–2019)

 World Meteorological Organization,

multi-hazard early warning systems (MHEWSs),

Sendai Framework,


CLIMATE CHANGE CAN FORCE 216 MILLION PEOPLE TO MIGRATE WITHIN THEIR OWN COUNTRIES BY 2050 

World Bank’s updated Groundswell report,

Hotspots of internal climate migration,

Sub-Saharan Africa,



A MULTI-BILLION-DOLLAR OPPORTUNITY: REPURPOSING AGRICULTURAL SUPPORT TO TRANSFORM FOOD SYSTEM

FAO,

UNEP, 

UNDP, 

FSS, 

UNGA, 


GREEN VOYAGE 2050 PROJECT 

Norway and International Maritime Organisation (IMO),

India has been selected as the first country under this project,

lower carbon future,


CLIMATE  ACTION  AND  FINANCE MOBILIZATION  DIALOGUE  (CAFMD)

USAgenda  2030  partnership,

Climate  action  pillar, 

roadmap  to  achieve 450GW  renewable  energy  (RE)



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