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PSIR paper-2 part-A


Important points and questions

  1. Westphalian model (1648)
    1. territorial integrity and sovereignty are sacrosanct principles
  2. maintain US hegemony
  3. University of Wales, 1919 known as Woodrow Wilson chair
  4. New World Order
  5. 14 Points Speech
  6. peace theories
  7. Billiard Ball Model
  8. Baylis and Steve Smith: state centric geo-politics to geo-centric global politics- post CW
  9. Cob-Web Model


International Relations
  1. relations among nations
  2. started with emergence of Westphalian model (1648)
  3. territorial integrity and sovereignty are sacrosanct principles

Nature of Discipline of IR
  1. American Social Science
    1. theories with perspective to maintain US hegemony
  2. first chair of International politics was established at University of Wales, 1919 known as Woodrow Wilson chair
  3. Woodrow Wilson's ideas after WW1
    1. creation of New World Order
      1. till now Westphalian order which requires Balance of Power which led to wars
    2. features of NWO in 14 Points Speech, based on liberalism (capitalism)
      1. establishment of LoN
      2. replacing BOP with the idea of collective security
      3. maintain free trade
      4. freedom of navigation on high seas
      5. promotion of democracy
      6. recognition of People's Right to self-determination
    3. objective was to achieve peace, hence called as peace theories

Phases of International Politics
  1. 1648-WW1
    1. Westphalian World Order
    2. features
      1. politics among European nations
      2. Billiard Ball Model
        1. based on Westphalian model
        2. no universal actor
        3. 4-5 great powers
        4. nations will depend on self
          1. will go for internal and external balancing to maintain balance of power
        5. nations will consistently collide with each other
        6. no permanent friends or enemies
  2. Interwar period
    1. expectation of New World Order
      1. LoN was established
      2. Collective Security to eliminate BOP
      3. unsuccessful
        1. US didn't join
        2. Britain, France had no experience or motivation
        3. promotion to Fascist power against communist by Britain and France
    2. emergence of realist school due to failure of NWO
      1. based on Westphalia model
      2. ER Carr: 20 Years Crisis
      3. called liberal school as idealist
        1. impracticality of their ideas, like nations won't go for war
  3. Post WW2
    1. beginning of Cold War
    2. rise of super power
      1. other nations in combination can't challenge it
    3. collapse of BOP, leading to nuclear deterrence
    4. bipolar
  4. End of Cold War
    1. HW Bush: New World Order
      1. interdependence
    2. Baylis and Steve Smith: state centric geo-politics to geo-centric global politics
    3. Billiards Ball Model replaced by Cob-Web Model
  5. Present Scenario
    1. Decline of liberal world order since 2008 Financial crisis
    2. return of state centric geo-politics
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