Fundamental Rights, DPSP and Basic Structure

 DoBS

Zia Mody 10 judgements that changed India Blessing in disguise  Uncertain democracy is preferable over certain tyranny

• DPSP and FR create huge dillema for judiciary. Judiciary went for harmonious relationship between two. But Govt brought 9th schedule- called "Black hole of constutution"

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DPSPs

Came from instrument of instruction. Can make heaven on earth. Some call them pious declaration. Dustbin of sentiment. 

BR Ambedkar DPSPs don’t have legal sanctions but enjoy political sanctions

BN Rau Initially presented together lack of resources  If DPSPs made enforceable, country would have gone to a constitutional crisis

Granville Austin  DPSPs are conscience of the constitution  Preamble, FRs, DPSPs are soul of the constitution  Indivisible Together form an integrated scheme

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Reservation Policy 

• Strongest Affirmative action 
• US SC -unconstitutional 
• RC Guha 
• Defend 
• Amit Thorat 
• Criticise 
• Meritocracy 
• PBM - Diminishes Sense of self 
• Consequences
• Superspeciality
• promotions - consequential seniority  
• Class among caste - exacerbated inequality
• Resentment 
• Caste continues ot be politicised 
• Reallocation into grids 
• Way forward 
• YoYa - race to the bottom 
• Not a wasteful journey 
• Dead end - multilayered deprivation index - 
• Intellectually sound 
• Politically defensible 
• Morally justiciable 

RC Guha Reservation policy generated more heat than light

Pratap Bhanu Mehta  Reservation policy diminishes our sense of self because our opinions in public re different from our opinions in private

Prof Yogendra Yadav Reservation Policy has reached a dead end and it raises more questions than it answers

Critical

Supportive

Prof Andre Beteille  Introduced by Britishers - certainly no good intentions  How Nehru wanted to end caste by caste based reservation is not understable.

Pratap Bhanu Mehta  Critical Resigned from National Knowledge commissions - reservation in higher edu instis

Yogendra Yadav The journey has not been wasteful  But it needs to be revised now

Prof Satish Deshapnde Wrongly considered as a poverty alleviation program or employment guarantee program  Obc as primer

Prof Amit Thorat  Not as emp guar scheme  Basic purpose - to end prejudices against certain communities Repn - admin and pol str  Right the historical wrongs  Sort of Compensation - social justice  Sensitise children in school	Reservation Conclusion  To conclude we can say that reservation has been a mixed bag and to stop the race to the bottom we need to move away from yardstick of caste. 103th Amendment to have 10%EWS reservation might be a new begining.	Yogendra yadav : Criticism  Diversity points Race to the bottom  Multilayered deprivation index  Dead end - need a new law Morally defensible  Legally justifiable  Socially equitable

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Right to freedom 

Salman Rushdie  India through Cultural Emergency  Restrictions on FOSE of artists, authors.  State instead of protecting — goes for appeasement of orthodox sections of all communities

Voltaire I disapprove of what you say but defend to death your right to say so

Noam Chomsky  FOSE - tolerating abuse with which i totally disagree  Toleration is a precognition for FOSE

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FDs 

• Section IV-A
• 42nd CAA
• Swaran Singh Committee 
• Gandhi - Functional theory of rights - that rights and duties are not independent of each other 

Criticism 

• Problems for judiciary 
• Not required 
• Vaguely worded 
• Not any qualitative change
• Not legally enforceable