Explain how the foundations of the modern world were laid by the American and French Revolutions.

The second half of the 18th century had witnessed two important events in the form of American revolution (1776-1783) and French Revolution (1789). These two events are believed to have laid the foundation of the modern world due its novel social, political and economic ideas whose relevance is still indispensable.

Role of American Revolution in the foundation of modern world: 

1. The American revolution led to the first written constitution of the world. This serves as an inspiration for many nations across the world. Example: Indian constitution has adopted ideas like Fundamental rights, separation of power, institution of vice president etc from the American institution.

2. The declaration of independence Proclaimed that All men are equal. This paved the way for the modern- day idea of equality.

3. The American revolution gave birth to novel ideas like Right to life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness and in the modern world every government seeks to promote these.

4. Republican form of government i.e., Right of people to choose their government was envisaged. Example: The main goal of the Arab spring was to overthrow the authoritarian regime and establish democratic republic.

5. The American Revolution inspired the European colonies elsewhere across the world to seek independence. This shaped the free world especially in Asia and Africa. 

Role of the French Revolution in the foundation of modern world:

1. The French revolution promoted the idea of liberty, equality, fraternity. This forms the pillars of today’s society.

2. The Napoleonic civil codes have provisions like merit-based recruitment to government jobs which are even reflected today.

3. Right to property was granted to the French citizens. This forms the foundation of modern society.

4. The French revolution inspired the movements against colonialism around the world.

5. The Jacobin constitution (though never came into effect) gave the right to vote, right to work to all the people. Today these provisions form the base of the democratic regime.

6. The tax system was rationalised and inequality was ironed out. This is an important aspect of governance in the modern world.

Thus, the American and French revolution helped in the rise of modern economy, society and political structure.