UPSC CSE Prelims 2024

India - Australia

  • Intro
  • context-
    • The end of Cold War and simultaneously India’s decision to launch major economic reforms in 1991 provided the first step towards closer economic cooperation .
    • The ties were upgraded to comprehensive Strategic partnership in June 2020.
  • Two nations have much in common
    • Colonial history
    • Westminster style government
    • Plural democracies
    • Commonwealth traditions
    • high P2P contacts because of education,tourism,sports
  • Areas of engagement-
    • Defence policy talks
    • Australia- India strategic research fund
    • 2+2 talks at ministerial level
    • Energy security dialogue - Australia has huge reserves of uranium
    • Also India's dependence on China for rare earth metals can be reduced through increasing imports from Australia.
    • Coop in Indo-pacific. Australia has deputed a liaison officer in the IFC- IOR
    • India France Australia trilateral naval exercises and ministerial dialogue affirm commitment for free open and inclusive Indo pacific and a rules based order in the region with ASEAN centrality
    • Relations with China are in free fall with Australia cancelling projects under BRI, asking for independent inquiry of the Coronavirus. All this has upset China and growing Chinese aggression in south china sea and in Himalayas has become new vista of cooperation between the two countries.
    • Australia’s white paper on foreign policy released in 2017 sees India in the front rank of Australia’s international partnerships. It says both countries have congruent interests in the openness and stability of Indian Ocean and both must ensure freedom of navigation and maritime security in the region.
    • In 2018, A presidential visit to Australia took place for the first time.
    • Civil nuclear cooperation agreement was signed in 2014 enabling India to secure uranium from Australia
    • Along with Japan India and Australia have proposed supply chain resilience initiative
    • Australia’s Pacific set up and India’s forum for India – Pacific Islands cooperation (FIPIC) reaffirmed their cooperation in the South Pacific region
    • Australia has promised to increase its investments in India from $10 to $100 B by 2035 under its “India Economic Strategy to 2035.”
    • India is also preparing an Australia Economic Strategy Paper
    • Foreign ministers Framework Dialogue (FMFD) the central mechanism for advancing bilateral agenda, is held annually.
    • Engagement through India-Australia-Japan trilateral dialogue and India-Indonesia-Australia trilateral dialogue
    • Australia supports India's candidature for an expanded security council and in APEC.
    • In 2008, Australia became an observer in SAARC
    • Both are members of IORA,commonwealth,Asian regional forum
    • Cooperating as members of Five Interested Parties(FIP) in case of WTO.
    • Economic -
      • India is Australia’s 5th largest trading partner.
      • $26 B bilateral trade as of 2020
      • India-Australia  CEO forum for B2B ties

    • Defence-AUSINDEX and exercise Pitch Black
    • cooperation in Clean Ganga river project
    • Australia is also a member of ISA
    • Joint working groups in energy,minerals ans education
    • Indian diaspora estimated that nearly lakh is the fastest growing in Australia
    • India is third largest source of immigrants for Australia
    • Beyond bilateral-ism, both countries are also entering into partnerships with like­ minded countries, including Indonesia, Japan and France, in a trilateral framework.
  • concerns-
    • CECA still remains inconclusive after nine rounds of negotiations since 2015
    • India opted out from RCEP fearing Australian dairy exports
    • Australia’s economy is heavily dependent on China with one fourth of its exports China.
    • India has a high tariff for agriculture and dairy products which makes it difficult for Australian exporters to export these items to India. At the same time, India faces non tariff bar­riers and its skilled professionals in the Australian labour market face discrimination.
  • Conclusion-
    • written above

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