UPSC CSE Prelims 2024

India - France


  • Intro: India and France are middle powers trying to reorient their foreign policies with respect to current flux in world order

  • Context: The only western country to not criticize India post Pokhran tests and first western country to establish strategic partnership with India

  • cooperation:
    • Vigorously backed India's decision wrt J&K at UNSC,
    • France became the first country to have a Liaison Officer at the Indian Navy’s Information Fusion Centre (IFC-IOR).
    • France also joined Indo pacific oceans initiative
    • India France Australia trilateral naval exercises and ministerial dialogue affirm commitment for free open and inclusive Indo pacific and a rules based order in the region with ASEAN centrality
    • It is also the first European country to launch an Indo pacific strategy 
    • More than 1000 french establishments already present in India with a total turnover of $US 20 B and employing around 300000 persons
    • India’s second largest arms supplier with one fifth of supply from 2016-20(SIPRI)
    • France has been constantly supporting India for UNSC membership
    • Defence- Jaguar, Rafale, Scorpene submarines
    • Tensions in NATO and increasing Chinese influence in Europe with Italy, a G7 country joining BRI, France is hedging on India as a rising power.
    • Navies of both the countries have carried out joint patrols off the coast of reunion islands.
    • Both have already signed logistics support agreements between its navies
    • France actualizing its “resident power” status in the Indo-Pacific has led to its emergence as India’s partner of choice in the Indian Ocean region
    • plan to link Reunion and A&N islands as “sister islands.”
    • rise of china is causing India and France to look beyond their neighborhood and look for external balancers.
    • After the terror attacks in France, PM Modi had called Macron and assured him that India is with France in fight against terrorism,extremism and radicalism.
    • France is also helping in the Smart cities mission- Nagpur, Chandigarh and Puducherry
    • France has been a “brother in the west” for India.
    • Helped India set up Sriharikota Centre for launch
    • ISRO and CNES(French space agency) have been cooperating since 50 years with many of Indian satellites launched from French Guyana in South America.
    • France is training Indian flight surgeons for Gaganyan mission
    • Civil nuclear cooperation was signed in 2008.
    • France is the 9th largest foreign investor in India.
    • Indian companies like Tata, Mahindra have joint ventures with Dassault, Schneider electric in the defence and electronic sector.
    • Varuna military exercises
    • International solar alliance
    • Recently France has also been made a member of IORA
    • France has appointed an Ambassador for Indo pacific region to represent its interests
    • Joint strategic vision for cooperation in Indian ocean region signed in 2018


    • Conclusion:

  • https://www.orfonline.org/research/lessons-2020-next-steps-france-india-partnership/
  • https://www.9dashline.com/article/india-and-france-from-strategic-partners-to-a-strategic-alliance
  • https://youtu.be/Y6hmx9LJ5sU

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