Besides domain knowledge, a public official needs innovativeness and creativity of a high order as well, while resolving ethical dilemmas. Discuss with suitable examples.

Ethical dilemmas are situations in which a person stands on the cross roads of two (or more) conflicting ethical requirements. Civil servants often find themselves under such situations.

Examples of some of the dilemmas in public life:

1. Reformative vs retributive justice: breaking of law should be punished by inflicting pain or should be given another chance to reform?

2. Communal harmony or development of public infrastructure: Temples, mosques or statues often come in the way of developmental projects.

3. Public vs private is also the dilemma of accessibility vs efficiency in various developmental projects such as railways, education, highways, etc. 

Above given dilemmas do need domain knowledge to address the issues, but mere domain knowledge is not sufficient. 

1. Prison reforms: Open Prison, Jail Radio, etc are some of the ways through which justice is being served along with skill development and productive engagement of prisoners.

2. To resolve the dilemma of National security vs community trust, Maharashtra ATS has started a

program involving religious leaders and family members of the suspects to de-radicalize the youth of a particular community.

3. By synthesising private & public models, public servants came up with the PPP model of development which will ensure efficiency as well as accessibility of the public services. For example: Passport offices in the country.

4. Shramik Trains, One Nation One Ration Card, and a digital database of migrants are some of the creative solutions brought out in response to the migrant crisis of 2020.

Modern problems need modern solutions; therefore, it is imminent for civil servants to use their domain knowledge in innovative ways to bring out creative solutions. While doing so they must remember Gandhi's Talisman.