Class Notes 4 You

PRESSURE GROUPS/ INTEREST GROUPS  Introduction known as  'invisible empires'- Finer integral component of pluralist democracy pressure group politics is  most influential in USA not in UK since parties represent interest 1990s: growth of pressure groups in India Rajni Kothari agents of modernisation,  reservoirs of leadership communal pressure group dominant in India congress hegemony didn't allow pressure group to gain primacy in fact, other political parties were reduced to status of pressure Rudolf and Rudolph : analysed role of caste associations Myron Weinar : book- Politics of Scarcity highlighted role of  communal pressure groups Christopher Jaffrelot : role of  RSS in Indian polity Prof. Anand chakravorty :  GoI should have shown greater accommodation towards pressure groups many are banned under ULPA it would have been easier to manage seccesionist trends Robert Hard, Stanley Kochanek highlight the changing nature of pressure group in India si...

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PROFILE OF PARLIAMENTARIANS AND MEMBERS OF STATE LEGISLATURE  Introduction profile gives us  indication of society no difference in profile of MPs and MLAs no difference in Upper house (peter sober) and lower house (peter drunk) Shankar and Rodrigues : divided changing profile phase 1 (till 1967) brahmins dominated  parliament minorities, OBCs, women under-represented reservation for SCs and STs assured their presence most of them graduates from foreign university including SCs lawyers were more in no. phase 2 : 1967-1989 (phase of transition) due to state reorganisation, GR and deepening of democracy rise of OBCs: 1st democratic upsurge agriculturists were in majority politics became full time profession youth entered due to JP movement and sanjay gandhi's  youth congress women, minorities still under-represented phase 3: from 1989 (phase of plebinisation) Prof. Yogendra Yadav : 2nd democratic upsurge OBCs, agriculturalists dominate women, minori...

PARTY SYSTEM  Introduction essential for representative democracy roles formation of govt formation of opposition political education political socialisation Laski:   parties are essential for representative democracy Gandhi, JP Narayan, MN roy ; favoured partyless democracy Party System based on no. of parties having systemic relevance eg- at time of independence, Indian party system known as one-party dominant system Unique features of Indian party system Zoya Hassan:  political parties in India reflect many unusual patterns catch-all party , no concern for ideology office oriented instead of policy oriented disconnect between people and parties greater connection among parties and corporate groups none party has grand design Paul Brass parties reflect paradoxical features lack intra party democracy modernised under western bureaucratic structure with indigenous practices Yogendra Yadav parties going through process of institutionalisation  as well as deinstitution...

  PANCHAYATI RAJ  Introduction panchayat=  institution of self-governance  at village level functions preparation of plans of social and economic development and their implementation implementation  of rural development scheme of state and central govt analysis though 73rd constitutional amendment act aims at self government, panchayats are seen only as  developmental agencies govt= maintaining law and order also along with development studies show that panchayats lack planning skills panchayat are not the sole implementing agencies, role circumscribed by NGOs, voluntary sectors vision villages were worst affected by colonial policies, hence  gandhi suggested  panchayati raj to end poverty gandhi's ideas land reforms: land to the tiller power to use resources with people so equitable and sustainable development Strategies of rural development after Independence gandhian approach rejected as traditional, utopian Ambedkar considered  villages a...