Class Notes 4 You

Introduction A 'self-governed, peer controlled voluntary Ass of people with similar S-E background who aspire to improve their living stds & address their common problems' Origin—ROSCA (Rotating Savings & Credit Association)—> Gained momentum after 1992 ( SHG Bank Linkage Project) Importance of SHGs Poverty alleviation  & Rural Development — Financial inclusion-- Facilitates access to credit & Micro Finance to poors + SHGs members act as "Banking Correspondent" (Bank Sakhi prog) Provide L ivelihood  (By vocational training, skill development)-- Improved living standards Promotes savings & investments Promotes  Entrepreneurship— self-employment through setting of micro-enterprise Awareness generation + Efficacy in implementation of Govt schemes DAY-NRLM, MGNREGA Social Audits Many +ve externalities ↑ literacy, Nutrition-- Operates PDS shops (MH) ↑ Maternal & Child health-- By implementing ICDS & MDM Better health care, family planning V...

Migration Introduction Census 2011—450 ml+ Indians (37%) are internal migrants. Economic Survey 2017 — 139 ml seasonal or circular migrants Specific Migration corridors SDGs  10.7— Facilitate orderly, safe, regular & R/S migration + Implement a planned & well-managed migration policies. Why Migration? Push factors— Agri Distress + lack of alternative job opp / Unemployment in hinterland Decline of common property resources like ponds, forests & grazing lands. Pull factors— Mass media effect—obsession with “Urbanism” Structural transformation of economy—NEP—Thrust on secondary sector Marriage— Major reason for women migration Anonymity— opp of social mobility for socially oppressed groups. Livelihood accumulation strategy or survival risk re­ducing strategy +ve Impact    +ve Impact on economy— ‘Footloose workers’-- S upply of cheap labour — Form a big part of informal eco economy + Mfg Remittances —India has a 1.5-lakh-cr domestic remittance market— Encourage ...

Introduction UCC refers to a single law, applicable to all citizens of India in their personal matters such as marriage, divorce, adoption and inheritance etc (irrespective of religion) UCC is intended to replace the system of fragmented personal laws of diff religious communities with a common set of rules governing every citizen. Art 44 of DPSPs History Origin of UCC-- Lex Loci Report (1840) emphasised imp of uniformity in codification of Indian law, relating to crimes, evidences & contract but said that personal laws of Hindus & Muslims should be kept outside such codification. C.A debates-- Ismail Sahib & Pocker sahib bahadur-- Against UCC-- its Implem is against Art 25-- if wanted to implem than take consent of communities KT Shah, AK Ayyar, Rajkumari amrit kaur, Hansa Mehta---UCC will not bring enemity rather amity b/w diff communities, increase unity & integrity Ambedkar--UCC shd be kept in non justiciable & leave to future leg, they can im...

Introduction Indian Constitution is unique in its contents and spirit. Normative and legal Framework through which the world' largest & one of the most contentious democracy was brought into existence . A charter through which an ancient civilisation was set on the road of modernity   Keywords Cosmopolitan constitution-- Reflects universal values like liberty, equality and fraternity . The Transformative Constitution-- UAF, FRs, Subjects of colonial rule transformed into the citizens Constitutional Morality Not a static rulebook but a living document. It is the “religion of all the religions” for Indians. Features Lengthiest Written Constitution Very comprehensive, elaborate and detailed document. Presently consists of a Preamble, about 470 Articles (divided into 25 Parts) and 12 Schedules Drawn From Various Sources Ambedkar-- Constitution of India has been framed after ‘ransacking all the known Constitutions of the World' Structural part is largely derived from GoI Act o...

Intro: Father of Indian strategic thought, statecraft and political economy. Was Chandragupta Maurya’s chief advisor and helped him defeat Nanda dynasty and establish the Mauryan dynasty. Context: like Machiavelli was unhappy with corruption in Italy, Kautilya was unhappy with corrupt and inefficient governance of Nanda dynasty in Magadha and wrote Arthashatra in which he talks of making an ideal and corruption free state. Book: Arthashastra: deals with both Dharma(laws) and Danda(statecraft). Deals with both, internal as well as external aspects of statecraft. The Arthashastra talks about grand strategy that includes states military and non-military, material and ideational resources and using these power factors for the realisation of its foreign policy goals Comparable to Sun Tzu's art of war and Machiavelli's prince Deals with types of war, espionage, types of corruption. In the words of Bhikhu Parekh, Kautilya represents the realist tradition of India Ideas: Described stat...

Intro: political thought Based on ideals of buddhism emerged around 6th centruy BC during the time of Mahajanapads though the world identifies buddha as the messenger of peace and spirituality, scholars like Upinder kaur,Gail omvidt and kancha iliah considered Buddha as first social and political philosopher. Said many Kings like Bimbisara, ajatsatru went to Buddha for guidance . Upinder kaur Gail omvedt Kancha ilaiah ideas: Digha nikaya talks about origin of state- Initially an ideal state existed . But with time people became corrupt and greedy and the need for a central authority was felt to main peace and order (akin to hobbes social contract) king: was called mahasammat (the great elect) his duty was to uphold dharma and ensure material and spiritual well being of his subject ( rajadhamma) king was elected from an assemby (buddhist sanghas), which shows its republican and democratic nature . People chose among themselvses the noblest of all who was knowledgable,liberal,gentle,mode...

Intro: RAND corporation VP, George tanham in his 1992 paper, ‘Indian Strategic Thought: An Interpretative Essay’  argued that the Indian elite had not systematically or coherently thought about national security and india is intellectually empty as far as political ideas are concerned. Counters by: Prof Morris Jones says it shows ethnocentric attitude of Western scholars. Says ignoring indian values would lead to impoverishment of west. in his book “India and Asian geopolitics”- Saying that India has no strategic culture is only to say that it is different from the strategic cultures one is used to Rodney W jones- india’s strategic culture is not monolithic, rather it is mosaic like. Max muller- India: what it can teach us-says nowhere in the world, human mind has dealt the issues of different spheres of life with such depth as india. “If all the books on war and peace were to suddenly disappear form the world, and only the Mahabharta remained, it would be good enough to capture al...