Class Notes 4 You

RIGHT TO INFORMATION: MASTER KEY TO GOOD GOVERNANCE Significance: Right to information is a tool to make the government more accountable and the right is a basic necessity of good governance. Recommendations for improving the RTI Act: Single Window Portal for disclosure of all public authorities. Training of the Public Information Officers Multimedia campaigns in the local languages Single Window Agency at District Level so as to ease for an applicant to identify the Public Authority and to locate it. On Whistleblowers: The Law Commission, in its 179th report (2001) recommended enactment of Public Interest Disclosure (Protection) Law 2nd ARC fully endorses the view and recommends a suitable legislation to protect whistleblowers  Current Status: 2nd ARC recognizes that there is neglect in the record keeping. On Official Secrets Act (OSA): 2nd ARC recommended that it should be repealed and accommodated under the National Security Act (NSA).  The Shourie Committee (Right to Info...

My strategy and approach for the essay paper  The essay paper in CSE Mains comprises two essays carrying 125 marks each. This paper has the potential to decide your rank given the marks differential lying from 70s to 150s. The changing pattern of the paper which is now shifting more towards writing philosophical/ inference driven/interpretation based essays on the one hand gives an upper edge to candidates to reflect their creative side and showcase their true personality, thoughts and vision . On the other hand it has become challenging for some candidates as well. In the CS Mains 2022, I secured 131 marks in the essay paper .  I would like to share my approach and strategy for this paper. Resources  UPSC essay papers 2017 onwards Model solutions of any institute  Read topper essay copies of previous years like Vikram Grewal, Anudeep Durishetty sir Collection of examples, anecdotes and quotes  Approach   I started breaking down any essay topic of the previ...

Ethics Important Notes of AIR 130 UPSC CSE 2022 https://www.evernote.com/pub/mh17153/preetikumariethics 

रॉयल मेल शिप (RMS) टाइटैनिक एक समुद्री जहाज था | इस जहाज को सबसे उन्नत तकनीकी का इस्तेमाल करके सबसे अनुभवी इंजीनियरों के द्वारा डिजाइन किया गया था। इसका निर्माण हार्लेंड एंड वोल्फ शिपयार्ड नामक कंपनी द्वारा सन् 1911 में किया गया था एवं इसके मुख्य बनावटकर्ता थॉमस एंड्रूज थे|  टाइटेनिक जहाज आयरलैंड के बेलफास्ट में 31 मार्च 1909 को 3000 लोगों की टीम ने बनाना शुरू किया था। 26 महीने बाद यानी कि 31 मई 1911 को यह बनकर तैयार हुआ। यह दुनिया का सबसे बड़ा जहाज था। यह 883 फीट यानी फुटबॉल के तीन मैदान जितना लंबा, 17 माले की बिल्डिंग जितना ऊंचा एवं 46,000 टन से ज्यादा वजनी था|  लगभग 2200 यात्री एवं क्रू मेंबर्स के साथ टाइटैनिक 10 अप्रैल, 1912 को इंग्लैंड के साउथैम्पटन बंदरगाह से न्यूयॉर्क के लिए अपनी पहली यात्रा पर रवाना हुई| 4 दिन बाद यानी 14 अप्रैल की सुबह 41 किलोमीटर प्रतिघंटा की रफ्तार पर जहाज उत्तरी अटलांटिक महासागर में एक 100 फीट ऊंचे हिमखंड से टकरा गया। टक्कर काफी तेज थी, जिससे जहाज की मुख्य बॉडी की आधी लंबाई तक सुराख हो गया था। जिन वॉटरटाइट कक्ष की दीवारों को सुरक्षा कवच माना गया था...

According to Vahan, Locke's thoughts revolve around individuals, that is, the priority of renunciation exists in Locke's thoughts. Locke's idea of freedom of individuals is the central point of liberalism. Locke said that the state should not interfere in the work of individuals, that is, it is also an exponent of the principle of non-intervention. Following are the facts about Locke being liberal: Locke supported a limited and constitutional state by dividing the powers of the state. Locke said that due to autocracy there would be anarchy in the state and the role of the individual in the patriarchal state would be only that of a slave. Locke has described the origin of the state and the functions of the state in his famous work "Two Treatises of Government". He talks about limiting the powers of the state. James Tully said about Locke that Locke is the father of liberalism and the originator of the theory of nonintervention because he is against anarchy and com...

Manx considered Capitalism as thereat to Humanism. He felt that Capitalist class is exploitative and gave a call- "WORKERS OF THE WORLD UNITE, You HAVE NOTHING TO LOSE BUT CHAINS" In his theory of revolution, he gave concept of Socialism as transition phase where Dictatorship of Proletarian is established. This would later form a classless stateless society i.e., Communism.  This inspired socialism which turned to be leaders started a meta ideology. Its leaders started movement against capitalist class to remove them from power in Europe and Asia.  The capitalism was threatened and the movement affected Profit and security of bourgeoisie.  The capitalist state backed the bourgeoisie class. It showed democratic features which attracted masses towards them. This largely happened in context of RIGHTS.  A liberal democratic order was promoted by capitalist class. This changed socio-political scenario as follows:  The State backed Right to speech, dissent, freedom ...

In the nineteenth century, John Stuart Mill was an activist and political thinker in Britain. He was one of the most ardent supporters of and practitioners of utilitarianism, a school of thought that held that an action was only considered appropriate if it benefited the majority of society. In his essay "On Liberty," he insists vehemently that the protection of one's freedom of thought regardless of how heinous or moral and, by extension, one's freedom to express oneself based on that thought are crucial to the upkeep of individual liberty. The concept of freedom of speech and thought proposed by Stuart Mill: The Law of Harm: This holds that the state is only permitted to restrict an individual's freedom for the purpose of preventing that individual from causing harm to others. Mill aims to demonstrate that society should never arbitrarily suppress opinions. Expression freedom: He gave four justifications for the need for freedom of speech, even for those who ho...